卷 19, 编号 2 (2013)
- 年: 2013
- ##submission.datePublished##: 30.06.2013
- 文章: 22
- URL: https://journal.rniito.org/jour/issue/view/20
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2013-0-2
Clinical studies
Standardization of spedalized medical care to patients with shin fractures in multifield city hospital
摘要
The aim of the investigation was development of science-based recommendations for increasing efficiency of operative treatment of adult patients with shin fractures in multiprofile city hospital. Investigation was made in Saint-Petersburg Alexandrovskiy City Hospital. Clinical material was presented by official hospital reports, individual medical documentation and results of direct survey of patients treated in this hospital in period 1999-2010 years. All patients had follow up treatment in outpatient department of this hospital. Information was completed following federal and local laws. Recommendations for standardization of modern specialized medical care of patients with shin fractures, based on methods of internal fixation, were performed. We took into consideration possibilities of conventional and minimally invasive fixation of closed and open fractures including politrauma injuries. Models of patients with shin fractures depending on method of internal fixation and list of basic diagnostic procedures and treatment were formed. Operations classifier of internal shin fractures fixation was developed. This classifier includes calculation of hospital costs in process of specialized medical care considering actual correction coefficients. Calculation of each surgical procedure component was performed. List and composition of instrument sets and expense materials for such operations were formed. Analisis of organizational, medico-technological, economica aspect and expert evaluation of clinical results of different methods of long bones fractures fixation have provided conceptual approach to treatment standardization. On this base we have developed medico-economical standards of long bones fractures treatment in city multiprofile hospital.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):5-12
5-12
Shortand medium-term results of knee replacement with modular eddoprothesis in maligant tumors of knee
摘要
The purpose - to evaluate the short- and medium-term results of treatment patients with knee tumors using modular endoprostheses GMRS (Stryker) and OSS (Biomet). Matherial and methods. The article presents the experience of use in clinical practice in patients with malignant tumors of the knee modular endoprosthesis (Global Modular Replacement System (Stryker) and Oncology Salvage System (Biomet). Also the results of analysis of these implant systems in primary total knee replacement in 63 patients. Results. Overall 5-year survival of patients of the study group was 87.3%, 5-year disease-free survival - 92.1%. Average follow-up was 4 years. Immediate and medium-term good and satisfactory results were achieved orthopedic in 51 (80.9%) patients; complications were noted in 5 (8.8%) cases.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):13-22
13-22
Risk factors for total hip arthroplasty dislocations
摘要
Purpose: to identify risk factors of dislocation after total hip arthroplasties and to suggest a model to determine the probability of occurrence of this complication in every patient. Material and methods: since 2000 till 2010 2569 primary and 319 total hip revisions were performed in 2409 patients. The age of patients varied from 15 to 92, average - 58,5. Women were 1582 (65,68%). All procedures were made through the posterior approach (Kocher-Langenbeck). Results: there were 136 dislocations. The authors analyzed three groups of risk factors: 1) related with patient; 2) depending on surgeon; 3) associated with implant design. Most important risk factors were found by the method of logistic regression: age, gender, diagnose, surgeon, cup-to-head ratio. The authors suggested the predictive model of probable dislocation.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):23-30
23-30
The restoration of walking stereotype with robotic device in patients after knee replacement
摘要
The efficacy of the reconstruction of the external robotic walking (RRH) on the device "Lokomat" in patients after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in the early postoperative period (priori). The patients were divided into two groups: the study group (n=112) in patients whose priori to train walk on robotic device (EDM) and control group (n = 80), where the restoration was carried out in an active stereotype motoring instructor-led exercise therapy without use of mechanized equipment. Comparative analysis of the test results revealed more efficient recovery stereotype walk from the main group. In the analysis of the main group in the dynamics dinamoplantgrafii showed improvement in economic structure step, restoring the symmetry of the load while walking between the lower limbs, improved suspension function of the operated limb. According to the analysis parameter of the trajectory of migration center under the feet, we noted an increase in the effective axial load on the operated leg in the main group 1161.29 267.49 g/cm2 compared with the control group 460.28 52.42 g/cm2 (p ≤ 0,05). In the main group also showed a decrease of anxiety and increasing motivation. Conducted an X-ray - control the implanted joint in the long-term (12 months after surgery) did not show any signs of instability in the case of prosthetic components. Thus, conducting robotic training walk in patients in the early postoperative period is an effective and safe method of rehabilitation.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):31-38
31-38
Flap surgery in treatment of patients with pathology of ankle
摘要
Objective: to determine the capabilities and perspectives of flap surgery in treatment of patients with traumas and diseases of ankle joint region. Material and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 88 such patients. All the patients were treated in the Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics within the period from 2000 to 2011. All the patients had pedicled flap transfer (46 cases) or free tissue transfer (45 cases). 11 patients had additional need in other open orthopedic operations of ankle joint. Besides this, scientific works dealing with the studied problem have been analyzed. Results and conclusions. It has been stated that flap surgery is predominantly used as the only and exhaustive method of treatment of such patients (87,5%). In these situations pedicled flap transfer and free tissue transfer tend to be used in comparatively equal quantities. Flap surgery is now seldom used as a component of complex surgical treatment. It is used only in some cases of bone reconstruction of distal tibia by Ilizarov bone transport, in some cases of tumors of ankle joint as well as in some cases of local infectious complications after internal fixation and total ankle arthroplasty. Patients with the pathology of this kind have a high need in free tissue transfer (from 66,7% to 83,3%). Progressing technology of total ankle arthroplasty will contribute to the frequency of use of flap surgery for patients with pathology of ankle joint.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):39-46
39-46
Anatomical and clinical substantiation of the long head of triceps transposition to restore active forearm flexion in patients with arthrogryposis
摘要
Purpose: to investigate anatomic features of the long head of triceps brachii in relation to its using as a pedicle flap for restoration of active forearm flexion in patients with arthrogryposis. Material and methods. Anatomical studies were performed on 15 fresh frozen human upper limbs from 9 cadavers. Arteries were perfused with radiopaque masses and following preparation, sectional roentgenography, morphometry of anatomical structures were carried. 29 patients with the lack of active elbow flexion aged from 8 months to 15 years were examined (clinical, neurological and physiological studies) and treated in Turner Scientific and Research Institute for Children's Orthopedics from 2008 to 2012. Results and conclusion. Anatomical studies demonstrated the possibility of transposition of the long head of triceps to forearm flexors position. The long head of triceps can be simply separated from the other two heads, it has independent innervation and blood supply, its vascular pedicle is easily identified, and length of extraorgan vessels and nerves is sufficient to transfer the muscle as a pedicle flap. Clinical study has shown the principal possibility and effectiveness of restoration of active forearm flexion in patients with arthrogryposis using the long head of triceps brachii.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):47-56
47-56
Planning of surgical treatment of upper extremity in patients with cerebral palsy
摘要
The purpose - to devise the algorithm of patient examination with spastic hand to determine what the variant of surgical treatment is indicated. The variant of surgical treatment and it's results are depend on the cause of upper extremity deformation. Materials and methods. This study is based on a survey of children with cerebral palsy with lesions of the upper extremity. The main criterion for the selection of patients was the presence of the combined lesion of the upper extremity, where the cause of dysfunction hands are not only fixed contractures, but primary tonic. Was to survey 47 patients with spastic forms of cerebral palsy with the defeat of the upper limb, but the study group included only 26 of them in the ages of 7 to 18 years (average 12,1), as having the clinical picture both types of contractures. We have developed and applied a system of examinations, modeling expected outcome of selective neurotomy motor nerves of the upper limb, which allows to estimate the possible result of such treatment, and clearly differentiate tonic and fixed contracture. Results and conclusions. Based on the results of study we supposed that, using diagnostic blockade motor nerve at the period of planning surgical treatment help us to create temporary reversible model of selective neurotomy motor nerve branches and identify the type of contracture, degree of manifestation and functional perspective.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):57-62
57-62
Comparative outcomes of surgical treatment of patients with Impression fractures of the calcaneus
摘要
Current prospective investigation with historical control was performed to compare functional results of less invasive surgical treatment of calcaneal comminuted fractures with ordinary surgical methods. Data of 40 patients is being analyzed. One patient was lost for follow up. Patients have been divided to four subgroups according to used surgical technologies. Groups differ by trauma on reposition and method of fracture’s fixation: open reduction and plating (ORIF), cannulated screws with triple thread (FusiFix), external fixation, other (diafixation, ordinary cortical or metaphyseal screws). Foot function was estimated by FAOS scale between 1 and six and more years after surgery. Combination of modified principles of reposition after Essex - Lopresti, using of original instrument set and C-arc with FusiFix stable fixation enables minimal complications add ratio. This method also creates good possibilities for foot functional recovery (average normalized FAOS index is 92 after 1 year comparatively to 60 (ORIF) and 57(ExFix)).
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):63-71
63-71
Theoretical and experimental studies
Influence of the mineral bond between associations of crystallites on bone matrix mechanical properties. modeling by the finite element method
摘要
For the first time on the basis of computer modeling using the finite element method the mechanical role of mineral compounds, binding all of the bone minerals in the whole monolith was evaluated. By multivariate computational experiments the authors established the qualitative features and obtained the quantitative assessment of the influence of the bridges on the stiffness and stress-strain state of the representative volume element (RVE). The effective elastic moduli of the nanocomposite bone RVE were estimated by the of finite element homogenization method taking into account the availability of bridges. The presence of the bridge enhances bone stiffness regardless of the direction of acting loads. Consequently, bridge plays an important biological role in increasing the strength properties of the skeleton at nonstandard directions of the load. Data presented in this paper show an extremely complex mechanical phenomena developing in the mineral matrix, which can be adequately assessed only by using a computer modeling based on the morphologically correct structural relationships of its components.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):72-83
72-83
Trauma and orthopedic care
Medical and social characteristics of in-patients with injuries
摘要
An anonymous sociological survey of 408 patients hospitalized due to injuries in R.R.Vreden RNIITO and traumatological departments of St. Petersburg city hospitals was carried out. The social structure of injury victims under hospital care has no fundamentally differences comparing to the social structure of the city population. The most patients were males, aged 20-30 and 40-50 years, St. Petersburg residents, with higher and secondary education. Most of the patients were married, had an average or low income, living in decent housing. Many of the injured have abused alcohol, smoked regularly, some use drugs. Most often injuries leading to hospitalization occur as a result of falls, and criminal attacks and road accidents. According to opinion of the majority of patients, sanitary condition of their departments is good, but the quality and range of food does not satisfy most of the respondents. Many patients are faced with the need to pay for the recommended care. Patients highly appreciate the human and professional qualities of the medical staff. The social efficiency of treatment coefficient was 0.95.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):88-93
88-93
Case Reports
Staged bilateral ankle arthroplasty for the treatment of patient with severe defect of the talus (case report)
摘要
Ankle arthroplasty is known to become more successful procedure versus ankle fusion in patients with ankle osteoarthritis. This article represents a clinical case of performing three-staged bilateral ankle arthroplasty by means of HINTEGRA and Mobility implants in a patient with severe defect of the talus. The patient was followed up for 2 years for right ankle and 4 years - for left ankle. The correct treatment strategy gave the patient a new lease of life. He resumed sports activities, being pain-free in both the ankle joints.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):105-110
105-110
The structure and feature of polytrauma in children of Barnaul
摘要
Analysis of fatal polytrauma in children in Barnaul over the period of 11 years, study of medical records of polytrauma patients brought in to hospital and medicolegal autopsy data from the cases of fatal polytrauma in children. 685 cases of child polytrauma were registered from the year 2001 to 2011 including 88 cases of fatal polytrauma. 68 children died before admission, 20 patients hospitalized resulted in death. Most fatal cases resulted from motor vehicle incidents (61 / 69,3%), falling from a height (20 / 22,7%), criminal injuries (3 / 3,4%), home accidents (2 / 2,3%), and street injuries (2 / 2,3%). The highest lethality rate related to cases of falling from a height (18,2%), motor vehicle incidents (13,6%), criminal and street injuries (10%). The lethality rate of child polytrauma in urban area amounted to 12,8%, death rate - 7,1 per 100 000 population per year. The highest lethality rate was noted among infants (27,7%) and adolescents (16,7%). Most fatal cases resulted from motor vehicle incidents (61 / 69,3%). The highest increase of mortality rate in polytrauma is observed during summer season. Major causes of death are shock and substantial blood loss.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):94-98
94-98
Knee degenerative osteoarthritis secondary to ochronosis (case report)
摘要
Alkaptonuria is rare disease with deficiency of homogentisate-1,2-dioxygenase enzyme, resulting in excess deposition of homogentisic acid in connective tissue. This deposition leads to ochronosis - brownish-black pigmentation of connective tissue. The result of pigmentation is weakness of connective tissue and, finally, chronic inflammation and osteoarthtritis. Currently specific treatment is absent, only sympothomatic. But total knee arthroplasty has good outcomes in patients of severe ochronotic arthritis similar to osteoarthritic patients without ochronosis. We present a case report of a patient with knee ochronotic arthritis treated with total knee arthroplasty.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):111-115
111-115
Reviews
Postoperative delirium: risk factors and prevention in orthopaedics and traumatology (review)
摘要
In the articles recent publications on postoperative delirium, the development of which is relevant and socially significant issue of Orthopedics and Traumatology. The review include modern concepts in pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of this complication. It is concluded that the main direction of prevention of postoperative delirium is a modification of the risk factors for its development.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):128-135
128-135
Etiology and pathogenesis of pectus excavatum in children
摘要
Funnel chest is the most common chest deformity characterized by the depression of sternum and rib cartilages. In spite of the centuries-old history of pectus excavatum investigation, plenty of publications on etiology and pathogenesis and many theories on this theme no one of them is generally accepted. This article is to summarize the modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of funnel chest.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):136-141
136-141
Experience exchange
Percutaneous transpedicular fixation of the spine under local anesthesia
摘要
The possibility of the spinal stabilization in patients with a history of somatic diseases and contraindications to general anesthesia is discussed. As an example, the authors have given the histories of two patients with vertebral pathological fractures against a background of the osteoporosis and metastatic gastric cancer who underwent transpedicular fixation of the spine under local anesthesia. In both cases good results of treatment were received.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):99-104
99-104
METHODS OF EXAMINATIONS
Functional magnetic resonance imaging in front knee instability
摘要
The aim of the study is to assess the possibilities of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee and the comparison of its results with other known methods of quantitative diagnosis of anterior instability. Material and methods. The study included 22 patients aged 16 to 84 years. The first group comprised 16 patients with complaints of instability of the knee joint, the second - six patients with no signs of instability (relatively healthy). In addition to conventional clinical examination (Lachman test and the "front of the drawer"), all participants in the study conducted functional MRI according to our methodology on the unit «HELPIC RENEX» 0,25 T open. In order to assess its informativeness all patients underwent functional X-ray of the knee on the unit Italrey «PIXEL HF» (Italy). Arthroscopy with intraoperative Lachman to testing performed in 11 patients of the first and second group of five patients on the equipment «Rudolf», Germany. Results. These data suggest that functional MRI is a valuable method to identify the anterior instability of the knee, which can be used as a supplement to commonly used functional imaging, and independently, since comparable results. The main advantages of functional MRI is the lack of radiation exposure and non-invasive visualization of the anterior cruciate ligament in tests on the instability of the knee.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):84-87
84-87
Discussions
Comparative characteristics of osteosynthesis techniques in patients with comminuted diaphyseal femoral fractures
摘要
The comparative analysis of the results of the surgical treatment of 130 patients with closed comminuted unilateral diaphyseal femoral fractures, including assessment of anatomic functional outcomes of treatment according to the technique of the standardized investigations in traumatology and orthopedy and determination of quality of life according to SF-36 method is carried out. Osteosynthesis with the help of external fixation devices was performed in 36 patients, intramedullary interlocking osteosynthesis - in 57 patients, compression plating - in 37 patients. Level of anatomic functional rehabilitation of the patients in the early postoperative period made up 69-79 %, 6 months later increased up to 74-92%, and after the expiration of 12 months the level of rehabilitation reached 85-99%. During the treatment quality of life concerning physical component was within the limits from 36,8 up to 55,5 %, and concerning mental component - 54,3-60,8 %. After the expiration of a year increase in the parameters of physical and mental components up to 55,7 - 59,8 % and 57,2-65,8 % is detected respectively. In the group where the transosseous osteosynthesis technique was applied we got 93,7-95 % of positive outcomes, with the average disability period of 212,3±18,1 days. In 47,2 % of cases the following complications are observed: knee contracture - 7; inflammation of the soft tissues located near the transosseous fixators - 5 (13,9%); shortening of the limb less than 5% of its length - 3; false joint formation - 1; fracture union with formation of varus deformity in the femoral bone - 1. When using intramedullary interlocking osteosynthesis we had positive results in 96,5 % of cases, with the average period of disability 176±17,8 days. In 10,5 % cases the following complications are observed: suture sinus - 1(1,75 %); femoral osteomyelitis - 1; break of the design - 1; false joint formation - 1; knee contracture - 1; shortening of the limb less than 5% of its length - 1. The best outcomes of the surgical treatment (up to 100 %) were observed in cases when compression plating with LCP with fixation of no less than 57 % of the length of each fragment was performed. Complications in the form of a knee joint contracture were observed in 13,5% of patients.
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):116-124
116-124
Review on the article Barabash A.P., Shpinyak S.P., Barabash Ju.A. "Comparative characteristics of osteosynthesis techniques in patients with comminuted diaphyseal femoral fractures"
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):125-127
125-127
Memorial dates
Sergey S. Tkachenko
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):142
142
Proceedings of the North-West Federal District Young Scientists’ Conference"Topical problems of traumatology and orthopedics"
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):143-168
143-168
Authors Guidelines
Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2013;19(2):169-172
169-172