卷 25, 编号 1 (2019)

Septic shoulder arthritis following arthroscopic surgery is a rare complication, according to the literature it arises from 0.006% to 2,1% of cases. We report on a case of 58 y.o. Patient, admitted to our setting 10 days after arthroscopic intervention on the right shoulder joint in another hospital. Based on clinical, laboratory and instrumental assessment septic shoulder arthritis was diagnosed. Arthroscopic lavage and debridement surgery with bioabsorbable antibacterial agent implantation was performed. Long term follow-up in 6 months showed good results with full range of motion, absence of pain and elimination of infection.

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Acetabular defects are a major obstacle to achieving good outcomes after revision hip arthroplasty. One way to deal with this problem is to use acetabular augments. We aimed to describe mid-term outcomes of revision hip arthroplasty using acetabular augments.

Materials and methods. We analyzed 85 cases (83 patients) of revision hip arthroplasty using acetabular augments performed during 2012-2018 period: 53 women and 30 men with average age of 57±13 years (25-79). Distribution of acetabular defects was: 51 cases — Paprosky IIIA, 17 cases — Paprosky IIIB, 12 cases — Paprosky IIB, 5 cases — Paprosky IIC. 14 patients had chronic pelvic discontinuity. Aseptic loosening was indication for the operation in 83 cases, periprosthetic hip fracture — 1, dislocation — 1. The amount of previously undregone ipsilateral hipsurgeries was 1 in 35 cases, 2 in 25 cases, 3 and more in 25 cases. Average follow-up period was 38±19 months (1-79).

Results. The average HHS score improved from 37±7 preoperatively to 73±9 after 3 months and to 80±11 after 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.001). Average VAS score improved from 7±2 preoperatively to 4±1 after 3 months and to 3±1 after 12 months postoperatively (p = 0.001). Stable acetabular fixation was achieved in each case according to X-ray findings at final follow-up. However, radiolucent lines were present around the cup in 10 cases (11.8 %) followed by no clinical evidence of aseptic loosening. Hip center of rotation was restored from 26.40±18.38 mm (4-75) preoperatively to 4.78±5.02 mm (0-20) postoperatively relatively to 0 point. Complications manifested in 9 out of 85 cases (10,6%). Distribution of complications was: periprosthetic joint infection in 6 cases, recurrent dislocation — 2, periprosthetic hip fracture — 1.7 patients required implant removal and exchange.

Conclusions. Good mid-term outcomes can be achieved using acetabular augments during hip revision surgery in setting of acetabular defects. Acetabular augments are a reliable option in case of Paprosky IIIB, IIIA defects and chronic pelvic discontinuity, providing good mechanical stability.

Purposes of our study were to estimate clinical short-term results of custom acetabular implants using in revision hip arthroplasty, to determine bone ingrowth percentage in the custom implant 3d printed coverage, and to estimate the custom malposition influence on the clinical results.

Materials and method. 30 patients were performed revision hip arthroplasty with using custom acetabular implants in 2016. Oxford hip score, life quality, expectation and satisfaction of patients were assessed in 12 months and more. Osteointegration was assessed with x-ray. Influence of malposition on clinical results was assessed with Pirson’s χ².

Results. Oxford Hip Scores were increased from mean 16.8 to 34.4 (p<0.01). Life quality index EO-5D were increased from mean 0.315 to 0.651 (p<0.01). Osteointegration was confirmed in 96% cases, component migration was in 1 case. The influence of malposition on clinical results in short-term follow-up was absent.

Conclusion. The using of custom acetabular implants in revision hip arthroplasty improves hip function and life quality of patient. 3D printed custom implants coverage provides high percentage of inplants osteointegration, besides components malposiotion. Further followup requires for assessment long-term results.

Objective of the study: to identify differences in the functional outcomes of total elbow arthroplasty in posttraumatic and rheumatoid cases, to determine the factors affecting the outcomes and rate of the complication.

Materials and methods. A retrospective study included 269 patients (272 elbows), who underwent primary total elbow arthroplasty (TEA), 100 men (37.2%), and 169 women (62.8%). The first group included 191 patients (191 elbows) who had elbow trauma. The average follow-up after the operation was 6.9 years (from 0.5 up to 21 years). The compared group included 78 patients (81 elbows) operated on for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The average follow-up time after total elbow arthroplasty was 3.8 years (0.4 to 16.5 years).

Results. Tea significantly improved joint function (mean values in post-trauma patients on the Mayo score were 73.8±14.1 points, on the oxford questionnaire — 30.5±8.9, DASH — 40.3±18.4, EQ-5D — 0.536±0.234; in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, on the Mayo score — 75.4±15.5 points, DASH — 38.6±15.8, OES — 35.5±7.9, EQ-5D — 0.580±0.2). In the first group, the frequency of postoperative complications requiring a revision was significantly higher than in the compared group (23.8% and 13.6%, respectively, OR 3.2; 95% CI 0.7-3.0). In the first group, a statistically significant risk of aseptic loosening of the implants was observed in patients operated on for pseudarthrosis of the distal humerus (OR 8.5; 95% CI 1.7-43.6) and post-traumatic deformity (OR 10.5; 95% CI 1.3-88.5). The use of some endoprostheses is also associated with a high risk of aseptic instability (OR 3.5; 95% CI 0.9-13.3). A significant risk of a deep periprosthetic infection was observed in patients with post-traumatic bone defect (OR 7.0; 95% CI 1.2-40.1) and post-traumatic deformity of the elbow joint (OR 14.0; 95% CI 2.5-77.8). Risk factors for loosening endoprostheses in patients with RA were: defective cementation of humeral component (OR 35.0; 95% CI 3.8325.0), valgus deviation of the humeral component >9° (OR 9.2; 95% CI 1.0-82.2), low constructive reliability of the endoprosthesis (OR 13.6; 95% CI 2.3-79.4), patient age >59 years (OR 12.8; 95% CI 1.5-113.0 ), BMI >32 kg/m2 (OR 8.4; 95% CI 1.5-47.5), and CRP level >36.1 mg/l (OR 4.8; 95% CI 0.4-65.8).

Conclusion. Mid-term and longterm results showed that TEA helps restore the amplitudes of elbow movement and the function of the limb, both in elbows with post-traumatic consequences and with RA. However, the frequency of postoperative complications requiring a revision is significantly higher in the group of patients with consequences of the fractures than in the group of patients with RA.

Objective. Lenke III type spinal curvature occurs in 11% of all types of deformities in idiopathic scoliosis. Knowledge of the features of the structure of the bone structures throughout the main curve of the deformity allows you to properly plan the installation of transpedicular supporting elements during the operation and carry out a specific sequence of correcting manipulations in order to achieve the optimal result.

Purpose. To study the anatomical and anthropometric features of the bone structures of the vertebrae in children with idiopathic scoliosis, type lenke III, using a navigation device.

Materials and Methods. The study included 23 patients with S-type idiopathic scoliosis type III according to the classification of L. Lеnke aged 14 to 18 years, of which 22 are female patients and 1 male. All children carried out spinal X-rays in standard projections (direct and lateral), multislice computed tomography, according to msct in the navigation unit measured anatomical and anthropometric indicators, certain parameters and coefficients were calculated mathematically.

Results. The following patterns were determined: pronounced asymmetry of both the width and height of the bases of the arches of the vertebrae along the concave and convex sides of the deformity in the thoracic spine and moderately pronounced structural changes in the bone structures in the lumbar spine. Strong direct correlations between the asymmetry coefficient of the base areas of the arcs and the asymmetry coefficients of the width and height of the base of the arcs, as well as a direct correlation between the values of the rotational value of the apical vertebra and the asymmetry coefficient of the base areas of the arcs in the thoracic region were revealed. In the lumbar spine, only a directly proportional relationship was found between the asymmetry coefficient of the areas of the bases of the arches of the vertebrae and the coefficient of asymmetry of the heights of the bases of the arcs of the vertebrae.

Conclusion. Ап analysis of the anatomical and anthropometric parameters of the bony structures of the vertebrae in children with idiopathic scoliosis of the lenke III type has made it possible to identify certain features, to establish patterns and correlations that characterize this variant of deformity.

Relevance — the need for an objective justification in choosing the type of fixation in the treatment patients with pertrochanteric hip fractures.

Objective — to study the changes in the properties of a consolidating trochanteric fracture fixed by a dynamic cephalomedullary nail when subjected to cyclic dynamic loads.

Materials and methods. A mathematical model was developed for trochanteric fracture of the femur (A1 according to AO classification) when fixed with a dynamic cephalomedullary nail. Then, the properties of the system were studied (pressure between fragments, mechanical stress in the bone and fixation device, displacement amplitude, neck-diaphysis angle) under a virtual load of a 80 kg body at various amount of insertion of the dynamic screw (from 10 mm to 0 mm).

Results. In the process of shortening the femoral neck axis by 1 cm, the stability of the ‘bone-metal fixation device’ system increases, as indicated by a decrease in the maximum amplitude of displacements in the system under load by 16.8%, a decrease in the maximum stress in the fixation elements by 20.2%, a decrease in pressure at the site of contact of fragments by 19.8%. In addition, there was a decrease in the neck-diaphysis angle by 2.8%.

Conclusion. The mathematical modeling of the ‘bone-metal fixation device’ system simulating conditions of dynamic osteosynthesis showed that there is a potential increase in the stability of the cephalomedullary system and that favorable conditions are created for the consolidation of the fracture when subjected to cyclic load of body mass.

The present paper bears discussion in nature and doesn’t claim for any scientific evidence.

The purpose is to identify which classification of acetabular defects currently is the most employed in revision hip joint arthroplasty, and how precise this classification reflects the true defect severity and gives the objective grounds for selection of revision implants.

Materials and methods. The authors conducted literature analysis in PubMed and eLIBRARY for the last five years. 170 publications in English, German and Spanish languages as well as 15 works in Russian language dedicated to classification of acetabular defects were selected.

Results. W.Paprosky classification was found to be the most applicable, namely, in 65,9% of foreign publications and in 100% of Russian papers. AAOS classification was used in 22.9% of cases, Gross and Saleh — in 4.1%, Gustilo and Pasternak — in 1.2%. 5.9% publications reported use of two classifications. The reasons for Paprosky classification popularity is the possibility to evaluate defect basing on standard pelvis x-rays in preoperative stage as well as in retrospective research. At the same time, according to literature, the confidence of Paprosky classification (accuracy of correspondence to intraoperative findings) varies from 16 to 66% for different areas of acetabulum, and during reliability assessment (consistency between different specialists) kappa coefficient varies from 0.14 to 0.75 depending on experience of the specialist and specifics of the defect. One of the possible reason for discrepancies in assessment of defect grade are the iatrogenic and posttraumatic changes of the acetabulum. Nevertheless, Paprosky classification is evolving and, considering additional parameters, like type of defect (contained or non-contained) and pelvic ring continuity, it allows to create a full-fledge algorithm for selection of revision implants and defect replacement which is adequate to the up-to-date surgical needs. At the same time onrush of digital technologies of 3D-visualization considerably expands our possibilities for preoperative defects assessment and offers promising potential for development of new classifications, whose benefits are yet to be evaluated.

Total hip replacement (THR) in patients with a high congenital dislocation of the hip (Crowe type IV dysplasia in Crowe classification) is a technically difficult operation, associated with a high risk of complications. The most common variations of THRs used to restore the true center of rotation of the hip are subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy and proximal shortening osteotomy using the Paavilainen technique. Numerous publications refer to the technique and outcomes of subtrochanteric osteotomy, but fundamental differences of opinion persist on a number of points relating to the topic.

The objective of the study is to analyze the publications on the treatment for crowe type IV hip dislocations using total replacement of the hip joint (HJ) with subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy.

The hypothesis of the study was as follows: the method of fixation of the femoral component, the type of osteotomy and the design features of the implant (philosophy) are the factors that determine the effectiveness of the operation. The electronic databases eLIBRARY and PubMed were searched for publications containing keywords in Russian or English: high dislocation of the hip, total replacement of the Hj, shortening subtrochanteric osteotomy. As a result of the study, the proposed hypothesis was partially confirmed. There were only minor differences in the overall incidence of complications and the survivorship of implants when using different types of cementless stems. The incidence of non-unions after the installation of cemented femoral components was higher than with the implantation of cementless. We did not find convincing evidence of the advantage of the step-cut, V-shaped and oblique osteotomies compared with the transverse osteotomy. Typical complications for such operations were the nerve injuries, intraoperative hip fractures, dislocations and non-unions of the femur at the osteotomy site.