Vol 19, No 1 (2013)

Objective: This study aimed to determine the capabilities of plastic and reconstructive microsurgery in treatment of patients with traumas and diseases of hip. Material and methods: We have studied the results of surgical treatment of 10 patients with pathology of hip. All the patients were treated in Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics (Saint-Petersburg, Russia) within the period from 2000 to 2011. All the patients had pedicled flap transfer (10 cases) or free tissue transfer (1 case). 6 patients had additionally primary or revision total hip replacement. Results and conclusions: Microsurgical operations mainly aimed to correct various pathological changes of soft tissues and to cure infectious process in hip area. It was stated that microsurgical operations themselves is an effective method of treatment of wide neurotrophic sores located in the area of hip joint as well as hematogenic osteomyelitis of hip joint. Only microsurgical technologies provide opportunities for successful total hip replacement in patients with combined pathology of para-articular soft tissues and bones.

Damage of the long head of the biceps at the place of attachment to the articular tubercle supraglenoidal lip of shoulder, to the entrance and throughout intertubercle furrows are common causes of pain and dysfunction of the shoulder joint. At the same clinical manifestations of the morphology of such lesions may be different. The current literature discusses various options of surgical correction of the biceps injury. Variety of methods of surgical treatment and the lack of consensus in support of their application in different patients in different types of injuries were the basis for the present study. A prospective analysis of the functional results of surgical treatment of the 34 - year’s patients with associated rotator cuff (SSP+ISP+SSC+) and the tendon of the biceps muscle in age from 34 to 75 years. Options for surgical correction of the damaged part of the biceps were: biceps tenotomy, biceps tenotomy with intraarticular tenodez of the shoulder to the head before entering intertubercle furrow, biceps tenotomy and extraarticular subpectorialtenodez to the proximal humerus is intertubercle interferrent screw groove, as well as its attachment to the tendon suture large pectoral muscle. Choice of surgical approach depended on the patient's age, level of daily physical activity, morphology and localization of lesions. The best results were obtained when the extra-articular subpectorialtenodez of long head of the biceps to the proximal humerus interferrent screw and suture fixation to the pectoralis major muscle, the average follow-up was 16,6 ± 4,7 months.

The results of the comparative analysis of biochemical alterations of muscle tissue in the blood serum of patients who underwent primary total hip replacement. In this study, we consider the data of 75 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (75 operations) from November 2010 to April 2012 to analyze the data was divided into 3 groups of patients: the first - using a minimally invasive technique MIS AL (22 operations), the second - with the use of the modified approach Muller (pending on the invention) - (29 operations), and the third - with approach by Hardinge (26 operations). The levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, creatinine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, myoglobin, creatinine, and C-reactive proteine in serum were determined preoperatively and at 3, 5, 7, 9 days after surgery. CRP included in the study as an indicator of non-specific inflammation of the tissues. When comparing the biochemical indicators in three types of approaches to the hip joint, the highest increase in GOAT, LDH, CPK, CRP, and myoglobin was detected at surgery approach by Hardinge. The results of this study may indicate a decrease in the degree of tissue trauma during surgery using a minimally-invasive approaches, which is characterized by the retention of attachment to the middle gluteal muscle of the femur.

Based on the survey of 148 patients with an lumbar degenerative disease, there have been studied immediate and medium-term results of the comprehensive conservative treatment of the patients with and without application of traction exposure on the spine. It was found out that the traction of the spine leads to a quicker and more durable relief of symptoms in comparison with the control groups where traction therapy wasn't carried out. Application of the traction-extended therapy in three planes with a usage of robotized set for dry skeletal traction of a new generation KinetracKNX-7000 is proved to increase the effectiveness of treatment for the patients with stated pathology, fasten regress of the pain syndrome and clinical symptomatology, lead to more durable and lasting remission of the desease, in comparison with the patients that had traction of the spine in one plane only during the treatment.

Objectives. The article presents the results assessment of open calcaneal excision compared to percutaneous excision of patients with Haglund’s disease. Materials and methods. Twenty-one patients (26 feet) underwent the surgical treatment during the period from 2010 to 2012. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by axial load radiography estimated with “Fowler-Philip” and “posterior pitch lines” methods. Eight feet were treated with open calcaneal excision and 18 feet - with percutaneous procedure. The mean duration of follow-up was 21,8 months. Clinical evaluation criteria were deformity and/or bursitis recurrence, tenderness, pain by wearing shoes, return to the sport training, patient satisfaction, presence/absence of major complications. Results. Good results were reported for 21 patients; fair results - for 4 patients; and poor results - for one patient. No significant differences in results depending on the method of intervention have been identified.

The knee articular cartilage and synovial membrane have been studied for metadiaphyseal leg lengthening using the methods of light miscroscopy, computer morpho- and stereometry. The manner of bone integrity breaking, the rate and rhythm of distraction conformed to the lengthening technique most often used in the clinic. The results of the histomorphometric analysis have demonstrated that when osteotomy at the level of metadiaphysis and manual distraction by 1 mm a day for 4 times is performed, synovitis of mild and moderate degree develops through subsynovial layer hypervascularization, as well as reactive-destructive changes in nerve fibers with the tendency to regeneration. The structural-functional changes of reactive and/or destructive-reparative character have been revealed in the articular cartilage, and the manifestation degree of these changes correlates with synovial membrane changes. The intensity of the destructive-reparative processes in the articular cartilage and synovial membrane depends on fixation stability.

Purpose - assessment of the dynamics of the state, blood supply regenerate bone, muscle contractility of the arm and forearm in patients with clavicle fractures during the treatment with external fixation device. Material and methods. Authors studied 38 patients during the treatment by Ilizarov method. The muscle dynamometry, Doppler ultrasound, psychophysiological study using SF-36 test were performed. Results. The strength of the humeral and forearm muscles on the side of damage was reduced and increased by 50-80% of the conditional baseline during transosseous fixation. The high rate of blood flow in the area of injury was characteristic during the first week in the fixation period. In the process of the treatment and recovery of muscle contractility its value normalized. The treatment of clavicle fractures by Ilizarov method allows in the early period of fixation to restore the ability of patients to self-service, to reduce the influence of pain limiting factor, improves mood and health of patients.

By data of the literature and own supervision, authors describe features pathogenesis of equinoplanovalgus foot deformations (EPVFD) in cerebral palsy patients and also the clinical displays of disease revealed by them at inspection of 52 patients (79 foot). In article you can find the earlier not described clinical supervision - presence by a considerable part of patients of the expressed feeling of tiredness feet at walking. This complaint was at 87,0 % patients. Main principles and methods of diagnostics of disease are described, and also a new way is computed tomography scan, allowing to visualize all characteristic for deformation of infringement of anatomy of joints and bones of foot in the conditions of influence modeling on it orthostatic load. Authors come to the conclusion that EPVFD by cerebral palsy children’s possesses a number of prominent features which probably to reveal special receptions and diagnostics methods, and also it is necessary to consider for increase of efficiency of the complex surgical approach to treatment EPVFD at patients with cerebral palsy.

On the example of treating a patient with osteoarthritis, chondromatosis and the flexion-extension contracture of elbow the authors show the effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment. In the treatment of this disease the authors recommend the minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery for elimination of intra-articular pathology, combined with early postoperative rehabilitation, which provides a good functional outcome in the short term.

The paper presents a description of the device for removal of surgical drains, developed at Novosibirsk RITO, and the experience of its application at the Department of Joint Replacement and Endoscopic Surgery. The device enables to remove a drainage tube or its fragments from a surgical site completely and with minimal damage to surrounding soft tissues in case of its breakage or a threat of breakage. This prevents revision surgery to remove the drain or its fragment, and eliminates the possibility of secondary infection of the wound and complication development.

Aim: Basing on own and literature date to characterize biological necessity of modification the ability of bone structures to be deformed and carrying capacity of lacunar-channel system to provide the basis for interaction between this pathways and parameters of calcium homeostasis. Results: There are two ways of bone matrix remodeling. The first group of pathways is responsible for slow adaptation of bone structures ability to be deformed within physiological range during weeks, months, years. The second group ensures rapid response of carrying capacity of lacunar-channel system (minutes and ours). This two mechanisms function in conjunction with hierarchically organized calcium metabolism. The first level of the latter is direct two-phase exchange of ionized calcium between extracellular liquid of bone tissue and blood: a) paracellular arrival of ionized calcium from blood into the bone; b) transcellular arrival of ionized calcium from extracellular liquid of bone into blood. The second hierarchical level is remodeling of perilacunar matrix by osteocytes. The third hierarchical level is bone remodeling with collaboration both osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

The article is devoted to the history of one of the methods of conservative treatment humeral transcondylar extensor fractures in children - a method «collar and cuff». The second and very common name of this method is connected with the name of the american orthopaedist Walter Blount. «The method of Blount» is mentioned in many domestic and foreign sources. Nevertheless the analysis of publications on the history of the discussed method of treatment indicates the priority in this matter other famous doctor - British podiatrist Robert Jones.

This paper reviews the evidence for an association between atypical subtrochanteric fractures and long-term bisphosphonate use. A PubMed search of literature was performed. Estimation of scientific level of evidences, extraction of quantitative data about atypical fractures from publication were performed. Common clinical and X-ray features of ‘atypical’ fractures are described. Level IV publications contain assumptions of relationship between long term (more than 5 years) bisphosphonates’ (alendronate, ibandronate) treatment and atypical fractures. No data found about connection between zoledronic acid and atypical fractures. Data about relative risk of atypical fractures which is retrieved from meta-analysis’s and post-hock analysis’s of randomized clinical investigations is discrepant. No meta-analysis’s and randomized clinical investigations with statistically valid evidence of correlation between atypical fractures and long term bisphosphonates treatment have been found. Despite the relative rarity of atypical femoral fractures and doubtful evidences of their connection to bisphosphonates therapy, physicians and patients should be made aware of the possibility of such phenomenon. Principles of rational bisphosphonates therapy are being discussing. Because bisphosphonates accumulate in bone, they create a reservoir leading to continued release from bone for months or years after treatment is stopped. The feature described above is the base to recommendation for a drug holiday after 5-10 yr of bisphosphonate treatment. Clinical recommendations to reduce risks, rational diagnostic and surgical algorithm to treat atypical fractures are proposed for physicians dealing with osteoporosis, osteoporotic fractures and their consequences. Researches should be undertaken to get additional epidemiologic and clinical data to establish the true relationship between atypical fractures and long term bisphosphonates using. Bisphosphonates are effective and relatively safe remedies which reduce risk of osteoporotic fractures of any part of skeleton. Clinical advantages of bisphosphonates using exceed the doubtful and unproved risk of atypical fractures.

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