Vol 27, No 3 (2021)

CLINICAL STUDIES

Treatment of Proximal Femoral Fractures in Patients with COVID-19

Egorov K.S., Strizheletsky V.V., Ivanov I.G., Neverov V.A., Siverskaya N.V., Besaev A.G.

Abstract

Background. In relation with the COVID-19 new coronavirus infection epidemic that began in Russia in the spring of 2020, a completely new group of patients appeared: patients whose coronavirus infection was combined with the proximal femur fractures. In the course of practical work, hospital doctors had to gain experience in treating these complex patients, solve new organizational and medical tasks.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of treatment of patients with the proximal femur fractures in combination with coronavirus infection in a «COVID» hospital at the hospital stage, 30-day and 6-month terms.

Materials and methods. The retrospective study is based on the collection and generalization of data from 64 patients with the proximal femur fractures in combination with confirmed coronavirus infection who underwent inpatient treatment from 16.03.2020 to 31.05.2021. 38 (59.4%) patients had a femoral neck fracture, 26 (40.6%) had a fracture of the trochanter region. Forty (62.5%) patients underwent surgical treatment (hip replacement was performed in 23 cases, osteosynthesis was performed in 17 cases), 24 (37.5%) patients did not undergo surgery.

Results. With conservative treatment, the hospital mortality rate was 41.6%, the 30-day mortality rate was 72.7%, and the 6 — month mortality rate was 95.5%. During surgical treatment, the hospital mortality rate was 5.0% (2 patients died). Early postoperative complications were detected in 5 (12.5%) patients. Thirty-one (77.5%) patients walked or stood with a walker on their own at the time of discharge; 7 (17.5%) patients could not be activated. The thirty-day mortality rate in the group of patients who underwent surgical treatment was 8.6%, and the 6-month mortality rate was 32.1%.

Conclusions. Surgical treatment of patients with the proximal femur fractures in combination with coronavirus infection is much more difficult than the treatment of patients without infectious pathology. However, despite number of unresolved problems, surgical treatment of such patients is possible with good results and should be actively applied.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):9-18
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Evaluation of Radiological Parameters of the Spino-Pelvic Complex in Children with Hip Subluxation in Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease

Bortulev P.I., Vissarionov S.V., Barsukov D.B., Pozdnikin I.Y., Baskov V.E., Baskaeva T.V., Poznovich M.S.

Abstract

Background. The natural course of Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) in children with subtotal or total lesion, which correspond to group III-IV according to the Catterall classification, it often leads to hip subluxation. Any changes in the vertebral-pelvic complex lead to mutual transformation and aggravation of existing deformities. In the Russian literature, there are no data on the assessment of the state of the frontal and sagittal spino-pelvic ratios in children with hip subluxation in LCPD. Purpose — to evaluate the radiological parameters of the frontal and sagittal spino-pelvic relations in children with hip subluxation in LCPD. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the results of radiometry of 20 patients (20 hip joints) at an average age of 8.9±0.6 years with LCPD. Radiometry of the main frontal and sagittal spino-pelvic indices was performed and the type of vertical posture was determined according to P. Rousoully, as well as correlations between the studied parameters. Results. All patients had a pelvic distortion in the frontal plane. The values of PI had insignificant changes in comparison with similar values in the asymptomatic child population, the values of SS and SSA exceeded them, and the values of PT were significantly lower, which indicates the presence of excessive pelvic anteversion. The GLL values significantly exceeded the average statistical indicators. The global sagittal balance indicator (SVA) had negative values. The correlation analysis showed the presence of a strong positive relationship between PI and SS, SS and GLL, SSA and SS, a moderately pronounced positive relationship between PI and PT and a moderately pronounced negative relationship between PO and SS, PO and GLL. Conslusion. In children with LCPD in the fragmentation stage with subtotal or total epiphysis lesion (Catterall group III-IV) and hip subluxation, excessive pelvic anteversion is characteristic, which is expressed in an increase in the angle of inclination of the sacrum (SS) in combination with hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine and negative imbalance, as well as a pelvic distortion towards the affected limb. The totality of these changes corresponds to the IV type of vertical posture according to R. Roussouly, which can contribute to the development of degenerative-dystrophic processes in the lumbar spine.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):19-28
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Unstable Fractures Osteosynthesis of Malleoli and Posterior Edge of the Tibia Using Posterolateral Surgical Approach

Belen’kii I.G., Maiorov B.A., Kochish A.Y., Sergeev G.D., Savello V.E., Tul’chinskii A.E., Refitskii Y.V., Isaev M.V.

Abstract

Background. The malleoli fractures in combination with the fractures of posterior edge of the tibia are considered unstable injuries and present particular difficulties in surgical treatment.

The aim of the study was to evaluate short-term and mid-term results of osteosynthesis on account of unstable fractures of malleoli and posterior edge of the tibia using posterolateral surgical approach.

Materials and methods. The analysis of short-term and mid-term results of the treatment of 29 patients with malleoli fractures types 44-B3 and 44-C1.3, C2.3 and C3.3 (according to the AO classification) with the involvement of the Volkman`s posterior tibia fragment was performed in traumatology departments of three hospitals during the period from January 2019 to September 2020. In all 29 cases the fracture of the posterior edge of the tibia was classified as type 1 according to the classification of N. Haraguchi et al. All patients underwent osteosynthesis of the posterior edge of the tibia and the lateral malleolus via posterolateral surgical approach. Combined fracture of the medial malleolus was fixed via classical medial approach. 5 patients (17.2%) with continued instability of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis underwent fixation with positional screw. Functional results, as well as the range of motions in the ankle joint were evaluated with the use of AOFAS and Neer scales 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery.

Results. Statistically significant improvement in functional outcomes over time was noted when evaluated on the AOFAS scale (p<0.05) and on the Neer scale (p<0.01). 12 months after the surgery these points were 83.2±13.4 and 87.8±16.8 respectively. Complications were noted in 5 patients (17.24%). Deep periimplant infection was registered just in one case, another patient had marginal necrosis of the operative wound. Three patients had clinically significant post-traumatic deforming arthritis of the ankle joint.

Conclusions. Posterolateral surgical approach has advantages when performing osteosynthesis in patients of the studied profile and enables anatomical reduction and stable fixation of fragments of the Volkman`s posterior edge of the tibia, which provides the possibility of early mobilization of the ankle joint and has positive effect on the results of treatment.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):29-42
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Whether the Partial Knee Arthroplasty is Worthwhile: Estimation of Orthopedic Surgeons from Large Arthroplasty Center

Fil A.S., Antipov A.P., Kulyaba T.A., Kornilov N.N.

Abstract

Background. Despite several proven advantages of the partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) over the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in selected patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or osteonecrosis (ON), there is still no consensus regarding the feasibility of this procedure among practitioners all over the world. The purpose of the study — to perform comprehensive analysis of the preferences of knee surgeons, regarding the feasibility of partial arthroplasty for modern orthopedic practice. Materials and Methods. A special questionnaire was developed that includes 4 sections devoted to personal surgical experience, understanding of indications/contraindications to PKA, attitude to potential advantages and disadvantages, as well as the reasons limiting the use of this technology in the daily practice. Using the institutional register of knee arthroplasty there were identified 37 orthopedic surgeons who perform more than 20 knee replacements annually. All of them agreed to participate in the survey. All surgeons were men with average age 43.1 years (min — 31, max — 64, moda — 41, SD = 8.9). The total number of knee arthroplasties performed by all respondents during the last year was 3094 . Results. The surgeons divided into two groups: 17 (46%) performed PKA but majority did not (20 (54%)). The average age of the surgeons of the 1st group was less than in the 2nd one (41.8 and 44.1 years (p>0.05)). The surgeons from group 1 significantly often respond in a positive way regarding the advantages of PKA compared to TKA (p<0.01). The significant differences among surgical estimations regarding PKA noted in the questions related to the speed of rehabilitation (p<0.05), the achievement of the “forgotten knee” phenomenon (p<0.01) and the frequency of postoperative complications (p<0.01). There was a trend that the more often a surgeon utilized PKA, the more he believes in its advantages over TKA. Only 1 respondent consider PKA fully unreliable, and 6 surgeons reported that they are unfamiliar with surgical technique. Interestingly that all surgeons, except one in the second group, met right candidates for PKA in their daily practice. There was no correlation between the studied parameters and surgeons age, experience, as well as annual caseload. Conclusions. Every second surgeon (54%) who regularly performs knee replacement ignores PKA as a method of choice for selected patients with OA or ON despite evidence-based literature data even in a large orthopedic center. For PKA users among the most significant advantages of this approach there are the faster rehabilitation (p<0.05), ability to reach the “forgotten knee” (p<0.01), as well as lower incidence and severity of postoperative complications (p<0.01).

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):43-55
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“Unexpected” Infections in Revision Arthroplasty for Aseptic Loosening

Nikolaev N.S., Pchelova N.N., Preobrazhenskaya E.V., Nazarova V.V., Dobrovol’skaya N.Y.

Abstract

Background. Data from the national registers of arthroplasty showed that about 12% of hip and knee arthroplasty undergo revision within 10 years after the primary surgery. The leading cause of hip revisions is aseptic loosening of components, knee joint — periprosthetic infection (PPI). Some of the infectious complications, including those related to mechanical causes, remain out of sight.

The aim of the study was to identify the frequency of «unexpected» infections during revision knee and hip arthroplasty performed for aseptic complications of any etiology.

Materials and Methods. 839 cases of revision arthroplasty of knee and hip joints were analyzed, including 485 aseptic revisions in 450 patients. Clinical, X-ray, laboratory (complete blood count and comprehensive metabolic panel, coagulation panel) methods, synovial fluid analysis and microbiological examination of punctures, including intraoperative ones, were used. The ICM and EBJIS (European Bone and Joint Infections Society) consensus recommendations were used as criteria for assessing the presence of infection.

Results. The average age of patients at the time of the revision was 61.7 years. The hip joint prevailed (59.4%), knee joint — 40.6%. The growth of microorganisms in the intraoperative biomaterial was detected in 2.08% of observations: in 10 out of 287 patients after aseptic revision of the hip joints and in none of the 198 revisions of the knee joints. In 8 out of 10 cases, the causative agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci, including 6 — MRSE; in two cases, anaerobic bacteria. All revisions were carried out by a one-stage method. Patients with detected PPI underwent systemic antibacterial therapy. At the stage of catamnesis, reinfection was assumed in one of the 10 identified cases of PPI, the patient did not show up for revision. In control 63% of the group of the other (aseptic) 470 patients, PPI developed in 4 cases, two-stage revisions were carried out.

Conclusions. The frequency of infections accidentally detected during aseptic revisions of large joints was 2.08%. Three-time examination of joint punctures, including intraoperative, provides additional opportunities for the diagnosis of PPI during aseptic revision, and also allows you to choose the optimal stage of revision treatment. The experience gained makes it possible in certain cases to perform one-stage revision in the treatment of PPI.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):56-70
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Clinical, Genetic and Orthopedic Characteristics of Desbuquois Dysplasia

Markova T.V., Kenis V.M., Melchenko E.V., Sparber P.A., Petukhova M.S., Bychkov I.O., Nagornova T.S., Shatokhina O.L., Dadali E.L.

Abstract

Introduction. Desbuquois dysplasia is a rare skeletal dysplasia with an autosomal recessive inheritance, resembling to the group of multiple joint dislocations. The disease is caused by mutations in the CANT1 and XYLT1 genes, the protein products of which are involved in the degradation of proteoglycans, which play an important role in endochondral ossification. The polymorphism of clinical and radiological characteristics and the genetic heterogeneity of Desbuquois dysplasia necessitate the description of the phenotypic characteristics of patients with various types of mutations, which optimize diagnosis. Objective — description of the clinical and radiological characteristics of three Russian patients with Desbuquois dysplasia of types 1 and 2 with remarkable orthopedic manifestation, caused by mutations in the CANT1 and XYLT1 genes. Materials and Methods. Genealogical, clinical, radiographic and genetic data of three unrelated Russian patients aged 2 to 8 years was carried out. Genetic testing was carried out using clinical exome sequencing and methyl-sensitive PCR. Results. Two patients were diagnosed with type 1 disease due to a previously described homozygous mutation in the CANT1 gene: c.898C>T (p.Arg300Cys), and one — type 2 due to heterozygous mutations in the XYLT1 gene. One mutation: c.1651C>T (p.Arg551Cys) was detected during exome sequencing, and the second mutation: expansion of GGC repeats in the promoter region of the gene, revealed by methyl-sensitive PCR of the first exon of the gene. The main clinical signs of the disease were micromelic dwarfism, hypermobility in the joints and specific facial dysmorphisms, radiographic analysis revealed characteristic «monkey wrench» appearance of the proximal femur in all 3 patients, additional ossification center of the second metacarpal, advanced bone age and multiple dislocations in the joints. The patients also had extra-skeletal manifestations (congenital glaucoma, obstructive bronchitis, renal hypoplasia and congenital heart malformations). Conclusion. Genetic heterogeneity and the presence of polymorphism of clinical manifestations make it possible to consider sequencing of the clinical exome as the optimal method for diagnosing Desbuquois dysplasia types 1 and 2. Analysis of the literature and the results of our molecular genetic data indicate the possibility of expansion of the GGC repeat in the XYLT1 gene in patients with clinical manifestations of type 2 Desbuquois dysplasia.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):71-83
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TRAUMA AND ORTHOPEDIC CARE

Epidemiology of Hip And Knee Arthroplasty and Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Russian Federation

Sereda A.P., Kochish A.A., Cherny A.A., Antipov A.P., Aliev A.G., Veber E.V., Vorontsova T.N., Bozhkova S.A., Shubnyakov I.I., Tikhilov R.M.

Abstract

Background. Since there is no national arthroplasty registry in the Russian Federation, the exact number of arthroplasty operations performed is unknown. Aim of the study — to evaluate the epidemiology of primary, revision hip and knee arthroplasty and periprosthetic joint infection in Russian Federation. Materials and Methods. The inquires were made to 85 subjects, 73 federal state budget institutions and 30 private hospitals. Results. Answers were received from 76 subjects of Russian Federation, 41 federal and 18 private hospitals. The studied indicators revealed to be pretty much heterogenic. The decrease of operations number from 20% to 40% in subjects of Russian Federation due to SARS-CoV-2 pandemic forced us to make no analysis for these 2020 indicators in Russian Federation generally. 147 061 primary hip and knee arthroplasties were performed in 2019 in Russian Federaion. 7 770 revison hip and knee arthroplasties were done. 6 606 cases of severe orthopaedic implant-assosiated infection were cured including 4 282 cases post hip and knee arthroplasties that constitutes 2,91 % from primary arthroplasties. Conclusions. The frequency of periprosthetic joint infection in Russian Federation correlates to the world data. High complexity for patients routing with implant-assosiated infection and strong demand for Federal Center of implant-assosiated orthopaedic infection are revealed.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):84-93
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MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN TRAUMATOLOGY AND ORTHOPEDICS

Palisade Technique — the New Method for Open Reduction of Pelvic Fractures

Zadneprovskiy N.N., Ivanov P.A., Nevedrov A.V.

Abstract

Background. Restoration of the pelvic bones and acetabulum anatomy after fracture is an important criterion for functional outcome. Often, the reduction of flat pelvic bones is not an easy task. The authors proposed a method of reduction using a special support site of two or three 3.5 mm cortical screws for Matta bone forceps.

The aim of the study was to demonstrate a new way of pelvic bones fragments reduction.

Method. Three clinical situations are presented when a new method was used: 1) reduction of a pointed fragment of the acetabulum posterior column transverse fracture; 2) reduction of the acetabulum quadrilateral plate fragments with medial displacement and 3) reduction the rupture of the pelvic bones in the sacroiliac joint with the vertical displacement. Previously, a support site was created in one of the fragments from two or three not fully twisted 3.5 mm cortical screws. One of the Matta bone forceps branches was placed on the formed site, and the second on another fragment and the displacement was eliminated. Then the final osteosynthesis was performed with pelvic plates and/or cannulated screws according to the surgical plan. Before closing the wound the support site was removed.

Conclusions. The proposed method has shown its effectiveness during the reduction of the flat bones fragments, as it allows you to compress the spongy bones of the pelvis with a thin cortical layer stronger, compared with existing methods during which fragments splitting and «pulling out» anchor screws in the branches of reduction forceps can occur. The developed method of reduction demonstrated convenience and reliability.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):94-100
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Case Reports

Custom Made Implant in Revision Knee Arthroplasty with AORI 3 Bone Defect: а Case Report

Zykin A.A., Gerasimov S.A., Morozova E.A.

Abstract

Background. Replacement of extensive bone defects during revision knee arthroplasty (RKA) is a certain problem. The development of additive technologies allows us to produce an individual titanium augment to restore the lost bone tissue. The aim of the study is to show the possibility of replacing extensive tibia defects with an custom made augment during revision knee artroplasty. Case presentation. The patient is 66 years old. At the age of 58, due to secondary knee osteoarthritis in 2 years interval, the patient underwent total knee arthroplasty: left — in 2012, right — in 2014. Subsequently, several revision interventions were required for early periprosthetic infection of the right knee joint. From 2015 to 2018, due to the infection remission, the function of the right knee joint was satisfactory. In 2018, the patient admitted to our clinic with the periprosthetic infection relapse. Due to the previous treatment, the patient had type 3 bone defect according to the AORI classification. A two-stage revision knee arthroplasty was performed. To compensate the extensive tibial defect, the individual tibial implant was manufactured using additive technologies, and a semiconstrained endoprosthesis was implanted. There was no relapse of infection during the observation. There is deficit of active extension, there are no radiological signs of the implant instability. Conclusion. In our case, we were able to achieve satisfactory results in patient with a complex anamnesis and extensive bone defects. The use of individual implant helped to avoid arthrodesis, preserve the weight-bearing of the lower limb and articulation in the knee joint. The use of implants made using 3D technologies is a promising solution for compensating defects of types 2B and 3 according to the AORI classification.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):101-110
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Hypotrophic Clavicle Pseudoarthrosis Treatment: a Case Report

Kaplunov O.A., Demkin S.A., Abdullaev K.F., Kaplunov K.O.

Abstract

Background. The treatment of post-traumatic of the clavicle false joint remains a subject of discussion regarding the technology of the surgical intervention. Recently, the use of vascularized fibular flap reconstruction technique has been popularized, but the potential of the external osteosynthesis remains relevant. Clinical case description. A 70-year-old patient got a fracture of the middle third of the left clavicle diaphysis as a result of a fall. He underwent four surgical treatment options: plate osteosynthesis; plate osteosynthesis + bone autoplasty; plate osteosynthesis + vascularized fibular flap reconstruction; external osteosynthesis. A month after the fourth attempt of surgical treatment, fusion, improvement of the function of the right upper limb and the quality of life of the patient were achieved. Technological inaccuracy, namely, the lack of the fragments fixation stability due to the incorrectly chosen length of the plate, as well as an incomplete assessment of the anamnesis and the identified cognitive — behavioral features of the patient, are considered as possible reasons for the treatment failure. Conclusion. Attempts of surgical treatment using plates in combination with bone autoplasty, including vascularized skin-bone flaps, do not always ensure the achievement of clavicle fractures fusion. In such situations, it is advisable to use the potential of external osteosynthesis with the reasonable planning.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):111-118
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DATA OF JOINT ARTHOROPLASTY REGISTERS

The Main Trends in Hip Arthroplasty Based on the Data in the Vreden’s Arthroplasty Register from 2007 to 2020

Shubnyakov I.I., Riahi A., Denisov A.O., Korytkin A.A., Aliev A.G., Veber E.V., Muravyova J.V., Sereda A.P., Tikhilov R.M.

Abstract

This publication is the official report describing all total hip arthroplasty procedures registered in the database from 01.01.2007 to 31.12.2020. During this period, 74762 operations were performed: 67019 (89.64%) primary and 7743 (10.36%) revision. The proportion of males and females underwent primary arthroplasty was 41.1% and 59.0%, respectively. The age of patients with primary arthroplasty was 57.8 years (95% CI from 57.7 to 57.9), with revision — 59.3 years (95% CI from 59.0 to 59.6). The absolute number of primary hip arthroplasty procedures added into the database increased annually from 2007 to 2012. Since 2015, there has been a trend towards a decrease in the number of hip arthroplasty, due to the more intensive growth in the number of knee replacements performed. The number of revision hip arthroplasty operations varies from year to year with a clear tendency to increase, except 2020. The large proportion of revisions are accounted for by “early” revisions performed in the first years after primary hip arthroplasty, as well as “early” re-revisions. The main types of implants fixation on primary arthroplasty during the reporting period were cementless (50.89%) and hybrid (32.33%). In patients of older age groups, there is a significant decrease in the proportion of cementless fixation, while the proportion of hybrid, reverse hybrid and cemented structures is increasing. There are significant fluctuations in the ratio of different types of implants fixation in different years.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):119-142
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History of medicine

Mallet Fracture: I.F. Busch Fracture, W. Busch Fracture or P. Segond Fracture?

Zolotov A.S., Berezin P.A., Sidorenko I.S.

Abstract

Background. For several centuries, eponyms have been a convenient means of communication between clinicians. For some eponyms among modern surgeons, controversy over author’s priority continues. There is still no consensus on the so-called “mallet fracture”. In domestic and foreign literature, there are several author’s names for this fracture — I.F. Bush fracture, W. Busch fracture, P. Segond fracture. The aim of the study is to collect the most reliable information about the history of the eponym of avulsion of the distal phalanx of the fingers at the site of attachment of the extensor tendon, the so-called “mallet fracture”, to determine and prove the priority of the true author of the eponym. Materials and Methods. A search for information was carried out in domestic and foreign publications, manuals on traumatology and orthopedics, periodicals, Internet resources (eLIBRARY, PubMed, Scholar Google). Results. The list of likely authors of “mallet fracture” includes three surgeons: Ivan F. Busch (1771–1843, Russia), Paul Ferdinand Segond (1851–1912, France), Karl David Wilhelm Busch (1826–1881, Germany). When analyzing primary sources, it was found that for the first time “mallet fracture” was described by the French surgeon Paul Ferdinand Segond in 1880. This fact was also recognized by the German surgeon W. Busch, who a year later published an article on this damage. In the well-known “Guide to the Teaching of Surgery” by Ivan F. Bush, published in the early 19th century, information about a fracture of the distal phalanx of the finger at the site of attachment of the extensor tendon was not found. Conclusion. Taking into account the publications known to date, “mallet fracture” should be called the Segond fracture.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):143-148
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Reviews

Surgical Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talar Dome: Review

Pashkova E.A., Sorokin E.P., Fomichev V.A., Konovalchuk N.S., Demyanova K.A.

Abstract

Background. The relevance of the talar dome osteochondral lesions problem is assosiated with the difficulties of diagnosis, the lack of unified treatment algorythm and the great number of unsatisfactory clinical and functional results. In the last decade, there has been increasing interest in this topic in the literature, which is demonstrated by a great number of publications with series of observations or clinical cases. However, attempts to create the universal algorithm for this group of patients treatment are limited by the low level of existing studies evidence, high frequency of the new data publications, as well as the impossibility of using a number of surgical methods in different countries for legislative or other reasons.

The aim is to determine the current state of the problem of the talar dome osteochondral lesions surgical treatment and to identify types of surgical interventions in patients with the studied pathology. Material and methods. 120 international articles published from 2000 to 2021, as well as 18 domestic publications for the period from 2007 to 2021 were selected for the literature analysis. The search for publications was carried out in the PubMed/MedLine and eLibrary databases.

Results. The most widespread are surgical interventions aimed at stimulation of the bone marrow, and plastic surgery using osteochondral auto - and allografts. Currently, there is no consensus on the indications for different types of surgical methods, and the previously used indications are being questioned. This determines the need to improve diagnostic and treatment concepts.

Conclusions. The studied literature cannot fully answer a number of questions related to the methods of surgical treatment of patients with symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the talar dome and indications for them. A more detailed assessment of the medium- and long-term clinical outcomes of various surgical methods and the development of algorithms for this group of patients treatment, specific for different countries, are needed.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):149-161
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Hoffa Fracture: Review

Shinkevich A.E., Khominets V.V., Abolin A.B., Kulik N.G., Kotov V.I.

Abstract

Hoffa fracture is an extremely rare injury of one or two condyles of the femur in the frontal plane, more often associated with injury to other structures of the knee joint area. The main cause of the Hoffa fracture is considered to be a high-energy injury (road accident — in 80.5% of cases). The isolated Hoffa fracture accounts for 0.65% of all femoral fractures. To date, there is no consensus on surgical approach or optimal technique of internal fixation for the frontal fracture of the femoral condyles. There is also a large percentage of mistakes in the X-ray diagnosis of this pathology. The existing classifications have not found wide application in clinical practice, being difficult and inapplicable for solving the issue of treatment tactics and preoperative planning. The aim of the study is to present modern views on the diagnosis, principles and techniques of surgical treatment of patients with the Hoffa fractures based on the analysis of the literature. Based on the analyzed literature, conclusions are drawn about the need for careful collection of injury anamnesis, increased surgeon caution in the presence of this injury clinical picture and the simultaneous absence of pathology on standard knee joint X-rays, the need to perform an additional examination in the form of lateral (non-standard) projections of the knee joint X-rays, CT or MRI. During preoperative planning, preference should be given to minimally invasive technologies, including arthroscopically-associated methods of treatment.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):162-172
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Methods of the Tibia Bone Defect Management in Primary Knee Arthroplasty: Systematic Review

Gurazhev M.B., Baitov V.S., Gavrilov A.A., Pavlov V.V., Korytkin A.A.

Abstract

Background. The problem of management of bone tissue defects remains one of the tasks that a surgeon faces during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Since the number of TKA is increasing every year, modern scientific research aimed at solving the problem of bone defect replacement remains important. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various methods of bone defects management in primary TKA based on the analysis of literature. Materials and Methods. We conducted a search of articles in PubMed, eLIBRARY, Scopus from 2005 to 2020. Results. On the whole our search led to 1217 papers. Finally 19 articles that met inclusion criteria were included in this review. Each of the methods of bone defect replacement has its advantages and disadvantages. The results of the studies show that the he defect size is not a key factor for choosing the method, since with relatively identical defect parameters, different plastic options were used with a satisfactory clinical outcome. The endoprosthesis component should be fixed in at least two zones in every chosen method. In young patients with good bone quality preference in chosen methods should be given to bone grafts, which allow to preserve the bone stock. Based on the papers analysis, we have proposed the algorithm for method choosing for each clinical case. Conclusion. Each surgeon chooses a method for replacing bone defects based on their own preferences and such criteria as the equipment of the operating room, the surgical team experience, the quality of the patient’s bone and the defect size.

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):173-188
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Letters to Editor

Correction to: Minimally Invasive Approaches for Total Hip Arthroplasty: Systematic Review

Korytkin A.A., Gerasimov S.A., Kovaldov K.A., Gerasimov E.A., Pronskikh A.A., Novikov A.V., Morozova E.A.

Abstract

Correction to the article: Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(2):132-143. https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-2-132-143

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2021;27(3):189-190
pages 189-190 views


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