PATELLAR RESURFACING OF TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY: ANALYTICAL REVIEW

Cover Page
  • Authors: Kavalersky G.M.1, Sereda A.P.1, Lychagin A.V.1, Smetanin S.M.1
  • Affiliations:
    1. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
  • Issue: Vol 20, No 3 (2014)
  • Pages: 128-141
  • Section: Reviews
  • URL: https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/87
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.21823/2311-2905-2014-0-3-128-141
  • ID: 87
  • Retraction date: 20.04.2022
  • Retraction reasons description:

    The article “Patellar resurfacing of total knee arthroplasty: Analytical review” published in “Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia” (2014, N 3) by G.M. Kavalersky, A.P. Sereda, A.V. Lychagin, S.M. Smetanin is a duplicate of the article “Patellar resurfacing of total knee arthroplasty” by A.P. Sereda, A.S. Sagradyan, A.V. Lychagin published in “The Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics”. 2014;(3):18–28. That was the reason for retraction.

    Revealed April 20, 2022 by the Editorial Board.



Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Patellar resurfacing is one of the unsolved problems of knee arthroplasty due to the high frequency of patella-femoral complications. In the present analytical review the authors traced the evolution of patellar resurfacing, analyzed the literature on the etiology of anterior knee pain and patellar biomechanics, discussed the indications for replacement or preservation the patella.

About the authors

G. M. Kavalersky

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: gkavalerskiy@mail.ru
Russian Federation

A. P. Sereda

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: drsereda@gmail.com
Russian Federation

A. V. Lychagin

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: dr.lychagin@mail.ru
Russian Federation

S. M. Smetanin

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

References

  1. Багирова Г.Г., Майко О.Ю. Остеоартроз: эпидемиология, клиника, диагностика, лечение. М.: Арнебия; 2005. 224 с.
  2. Корнилов Н.В., Войтович А.В., Машков В.М., Эпштейн Г.Г. Хирургическое лечение дегенеративно-дистрофических поражений тазобедренного сустава. СПб: ЛИТО Синтез; 1997.
  3. Москалев В.П., Корнилов Н.В., Шапиро К.И. Медицинские и социальные проблемы эндопротезирования суставов конечностей. СПб.: Морсар АВ; 2001. 27 с.
  4. Насонов В.А., Алексеева Л.И., Архангельская Г.С. и др. Итоги многоцентрового клинического исследования препарата Структум в России. Терапевтический архив. 2001; 11: 84-87.
  5. Хитров Н.А., Цурко В.В. Современные аспекты лечения остеоартроза коленных суставов. Клин. геронтол. 1999; 3:78.
  6. Цветкова Е.С. Остеоартроз. В кн.: Насонова В.А., Бунчук Н.В. (ред.) Ревматические болезни. Москва: Медицина; 1997. с. 335-348.
  7. Шапиро К.И., Дьячкова Г.В. и др. Распространенность болезней костно-мышечной системы у взрослого городского населения. В кн.: Актуальные вопросы ортопедии. Л.; 1987: 4-8.
  8. Aglietti P., Insall J.N., Walker P.S., Trent P. A new patella prosthesis. Design and application. Clin. Orthop. 1975;107:175-187.
  9. Allardyce T.J., Scuderi G.R., Insall J.N. Arthroscopic treatment of popliteus tendon dysfunction following total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 1997;12:353-355.
  10. American Joint Replacement Registry Fall 2013 Update. http://teamwork.aaos.org/ajrr/AJRR%20Documents/ AJRR%20Fall%202013_F11062013.pdf
  11. Andriacchi T.P., Yoder D., Conley A., Rosenberg A., Sum J., Galante J.O. Patellofemoral design influences function following total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 1997;12:243-249.
  12. Attar F.G., Khaw F.M., Kirk L.M., Gregg P.J. Survivorship analysis at 15 years of cemented press-fit condylar total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 2008; 23: 344-349.
  13. Baker P.N., Khaw F.M., Kirk L.M., Esler C.N., Gregg P.J. A randomised controlled trial of cemented versus cementless press-fit condylar total knee replacement: 15-year survival analysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2007; 89: 1608-1614.
  14. Barrack R.L., Bertot A.J., Wolfe M.W., Waldman D.A., Milicic M., Myers L. Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study with five to seven years of follow-up. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2001;83:1376-1381.
  15. Barrack R.L., Schrader T., Bertot A.J., Wolfe M.W., Myers L. Component rotation and anterior knee pain after total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 2001;(392):46-55.
  16. Barrack R.L., Wolfe M.W., Waldman D.A., Milicic M., Bertot A.J., Myers L. Resurfacing of the patella in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1997;79:1121-1131.
  17. Benjamin J.B., Szivek J.A., Hammond A.S., Kubchandhani Z., Matthews A.I. Jr., Anderson P. Contact areas and pressures between native patellas and prosthetic femoral components. J. Arthroplasty. 1998;13:693-698.
  18. Bourne R.B., Rorabeck C.H., Vaz M., Kramer J., Hardie R., Robertson D. Resurfacing versus not resurfacing the patella during total knee replacement. Clin. Orthop. 1995;(321):156-161.
  19. Bourne R.B., Burnett R.S. The consequences of not resurfacing the patella. Clin. Orthop. 2004;(428):166-169.
  20. Boyd A.D. Jr., Ewald F.C., Thomas W.H., Poss R., Sledge C.B. Long-term complications after total knee arthroplasty with or without resurfacing of the patella. J. Bone Joint Surg. 1993; 75:674-681.
  21. Burnett R.S., Boone J.L., Rosenzweig S.D., Steger-May K., Barrack R.L. Patellar resurfacing compared with nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A concise follow-up of a randomized trial. J. Bone Joint Surg. 2009;91:2562-2567.
  22. Burnett R.S., Boone J.L., McCarthy K.P., Rosenzweig S., Barrack R.L. A prospective randomized clinical trial of patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing in bilateral TKA. Clin. Orthop. 2007;(464):65-72.
  23. Burnett R.S., Bourne R.B. Indications for patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. J. Bone Joint Surg. 2003;85:728-745.
  24. Burnett R.S., Boone J.L., Rosenzweig S.D., Steger-May K., Barrack R.L. Patellar re-surfacing compared with nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A concise follow-up of a randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2009;91(11):2562-2567.
  25. Burnett R.S., Haydon C.M., Rorabeck C.H., Bourne R.B. Patella resurfacing versus nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: results of a randomized controlled clinical trial at a minimum of 10 years' followup. Clin. Orthop. 2004;(428): 12-25.
  26. Campbell D.G., Duncan W.W., Ashworth M., Mintz A., Stirling J., Wakefield L., Stevenson T.M. Patellar resurfacing in total knee replacement: a ten-year randomised prospective trial. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2006;88(6):734-739.
  27. Chew J.T., Stewart N.J., Hanssen A.D., Luo Z.P., Rand J.A., An K.N. Differences in patellar tracking and knee kinematics among three different total knee designs. Clin. Orthop. 1997;(345): 87-98.
  28. Clayton M.L., Thirupathi R. Patellar complicationsafter total condylar arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1982;(170):152-155.
  29. Dennis D.A. Patellofemoral complications in total knee arthroplasty. Am. J. Knee Surg. 1992; 5:156-166.
  30. Eckhoff D.G., Montgomery W.K., Stamm E.R., Kilcoyne R.F. Location of the femoral sulcus in the osteoarthritic knee. J. Arthroplasty. 1996; 11:163-165.
  31. Ekelund A., Rydell N., Nilsson O.S. Total hip arthroplasty in patient 80 years of age and older. Clin. Orthop. 1992;281:101-106.
  32. Enis J.E., Gardner R., Robledo M.A., Latta L., Smith R. Comparison of patellar resurfacing versus nonresurfacing in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1990;260:38-42.
  33. Fehring T.K., Odum S., Griffin W.L. et al. Early failures in total knee arthroplasty. Paper presented at: American Association of Hip and Knee Surgery Annual Meeting; 2000; Dallas, Texas.
  34. Feller J.A., Bartlett R.J., Lang D.M. Patellar resurfacing versus retention in total knee arthroplasty. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1996;78:226-228.
  35. Fern E.D., Winson I.G., Getty C.J. Anterior knee pain in rheumatoid patients after total knee replacement. Possible selection criteria for patellar resurfacing. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1992; 74:745-748.
  36. Freeman M.A., Samuelson K.M., Elias S.G., Mariorenzi L.J., Gokcay E.I., Tuke M. The patellofemoraljoint in total knee prostheses. Design considerations. J Arthroplasty. 1989;4, Suppl:S69-74.
  37. Freeman M.A., Todd R.C., Bamert P., Day W.H. ICLH arthroplasty of the knee: 1968-1977. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1978;60-B(3):339-344.
  38. Frymoyer J.W. Knee and leg: reconstruction. In: Orthopaedic knowledge update 4: home study syllabus. Rosemont: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1993. p 613.
  39. Gildone A., Manfredini M., Biscione R., Faccini R. Patella resurfacing in posterior stabilised total knee arthroplasty: a follow-up study in 56 patients. Acta Orthop. Belg. 2005;71(4):445-451.
  40. Gunston F.H., MacKenzie R.I. Complications of polycentric knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1976;(120):11-17.
  41. He J.Y., Jiang L.S., Dai L.Y. Is patellar resurfacing superior than nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty? A metaanalysis of randomized trials. Knee. 2011;18(3):137-144.
  42. Healy W.L., Wasilewski S.A., Takei R., Oberlander M. Patellofemoral complications following total knee arthroplasty. Correlation with implant design and patient risk factors. J. Arthroplasty. 1995;10:197-201.
  43. Hootman J.M., Helmick C.G. Projections of US prevalence of arthritis and associated activity limitations. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:226-229.
  44. Hozack W.J., Rothman R.H., Booth R.E. Jr., Balderston R.A. The patellar clunk syndrome. A complication of posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1989;241:203-208.
  45. Huberti H.H., Hayes W.C. Patellofemoral contact pressures. The influence of q-angle and tendofemoral contact. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1984;66:715-724.
  46. Hungerford D.S., Barry M. Biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint. Clin. Orthop. 1979;144: 9-15.
  47. Insall J., Scott W.N., Ranawat C.S. The total condylar knee prosthesis. A report of two hundred and twenty cases. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1979;61:173-180.
  48. Insall J., Tria A.J., Scott W.N. The total condylar knee prosthesis: the first 5 years. Clin. Orthop.1979;145:68-77.
  49. Insall J.N., Ranawat C.S., Aglietti P., Shine J. Acomparison of four models of total knee replacement prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1976;58:754-765.
  50. Johnson D.P., Eastwood D.M., Witherow P.J. Symptomatic synovial plicae of the knee. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1993;75:1485-1496.
  51. Kajino A., Yoshino S., Kameyama S., Kohda M., Nagashima S. Comparison of the results of bilateral total knee arthroplasty with and without patellar replacement for rheumatoid arthritis. A follow-up note. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1997;79(4):570-574.
  52. Kaper B.P., Woolfrey M., Bourne R.B. The effect of built-in external femoral rotation on patellofemoral tracking in the genesis II total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 2000;15:964-969.
  53. KAT Trial Group, Johnston L., MacLennan G., McCormack K., Ramsay C., Walker A. The Knee Arthroplasty Trial (KAT) design features, baseline characteristics, and two-year functional outcomes after alternative approaches to knee replacement. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2009;91(1):134-141.
  54. Kaufer H., Matthews L.S. Spherocentric arthroplasty of the knee. Clinical experience with an average four-year follow-up. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1981;63:545-559.
  55. Kawakubo M., Matsumoto H., Otani T., Fujikawa K. Radiographic changes in the patella after total knee arthroplasty without resurfacing the patella. Comparison of osteoarthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis. 1997;56:237-244.
  56. Kayler D.E., Lyttle D. Surgical interruption of patellar blood supply by total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1988;229:221-227.
  57. Keblish P.A., Varma A.K., Greenwald A.S. Patellar resurfacing or retention in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective study of patients with bilateral replacements. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1994;76:930-937.
  58. Khaw F.M., Kirk L.M., Morris R.W., Gregg P.J. A randomised, controlled trial of cemented versus cementless press-fit condylar total knee replacement. Ten-year survival analysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2002; 84: 658-666.
  59. Kordelle J., Schleicher I., Kaltschmidt I., Haas H., Gruner M.R. [Patella resurfacing in patients without substantial retropatellar knee pain symptoms?]. Z. Orthop. Ihre Grenzgeb. 2003;141(5):557-562. German.
  60. Kurtz S. Prevalence of primary and revision total hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 1990 through 2002. JBJS Am. 2005; 87(7): 1487-1497.
  61. Langlais F., Belot N., Ropars M., Lambotte J.C., Thomazeau H. The long-term results of press-fit cemented stems in total knee prostheses. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2006; 88: 1022-1026;
  62. Levai J.P., McLeod H.C., Freeman M.A. Why not resurface the patella? J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1983;65(4):448-451.
  63. Levitsky K.A., Harris W.J., McManus J., Scott R.D. Total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing. Clinical outcomes and long-term followup evaluation. Clin. Orthop. 1993;286:116-121.
  64. Liu Z.T., Wu Y.L., Li X.H., Qian Q.R., Zhu Y.L., Wu H.S. [Patella reshaping versus re-surfacing in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2007;45(16):1087-90. Chinese.
  65. Matsuda S., Ishinishi T., Whiteside L.A. Contact stresses with an unresurfaced patella in total knee arthroplasty: the effect of femoral component design. Orthopedics. 2000;23:213-218.
  66. Matthews L.S., Sonstegard D.A., Henke J.A. Load bearing characteristics of the patello-femoral joint. Acta Orthop. Scand. 1977;48:511-516.
  67. Mayman D., Bourne R.B., Rorabeck C.H., Vaz M., Kramer J. Resurfacing versus not resurfacing the patella in total knee arthroplasty: 8- to 10-year results. J. Arthroplasty. 2003;18(5):541-545.
  68. McLean C.A., Tanzer M., Laxer E., Casey J., Ahmed A.M. The effect of femoral component designs on the contact and tracking characteristics of the unresurfaced patella in TKA. Orthop. Trans. 1994;18:821.
  69. Miller R.K., Goodfellow J.W., Murray D.W., O'Connor J.J. In vitro measurement of patellofemoral force after three types of knee replacement. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 1998;80:900-906.
  70. Mochizuki R.M., Schurman D.J. Patellar complications following total knee arthroplasty. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1979;61:879-883.
  71. Murray D.G., Webster D.A. The variable-axis knee prosthesis. Two-year follow-up study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1981;63:687-694.
  72. Myles C.M., Rowe P.J., Nutton R.W., Burnett R. The effect of patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty on functional range of movement measured by flexible electro-goniometry. Clin. Biomech. 2006;21(7):733-739.
  73. National joint registry for England and Wales. 7th Annual Report. 2010. http://www.njrcentre.org. uk/njrcentre/portals/0/njr%207th%20annual%20 report%202010.pdf
  74. Newman J.H., Ackroyd C.E., Shah N.A., Karachalios T. Should the patella be resurfacedduring total knee replacement? Knee. 2000;7:17-23.
  75. Nicolay X: Faut-il resurfacer la rotule dans les protheses totales de genou? Resultats préliminaires d'une série prospective de 100 arthroplasties. Service de Chirurgie orthopédique et traumatologique. Nancy, Facultéde médecine de Nancy 205, 1995.
  76. Nizard R.S., Biau D., Porcher R., Ravaud P., Bizot P., Hannouche D., Sedel L. A meta-analysis of patellar replacement in total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 2005;(432):196-203.
  77. Pakos E.E., Ntzani E.E., Trikalinos T.A. Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A meta-analysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2005;87(7):1438-1445.
  78. Partio E., Wirta J. Comparison of patellar resurfacing and nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study. J. Orthop. Rheumatol. 1995;8:69-74.
  79. Petersilge W.J., Oishi C.S., Kaufman K.R., Irby S.E., Colwell C.W. Jr. The effect of trochlear design on patellofemoral shear and compressive forces in total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1994;309:124-130.
  80. Picetti G.D. 3rd, McGann W.A., Welch R.B. The patellofemoral joint after total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1990;72:1379-1382.
  81. Piling R.W.D., Moulder E., Algar V. et al. Patellar resurfacing in primary total knee replacement. A MetaAnalysis. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2012;94:2270-2278.
  82. Ranawat C.S. The patellofemoral joint in totalcondylar knee arthroplasty. Pros and consbased on five-to ten-year follow-up observations. Clin. Orthop. 1986;(205):93-99.
  83. Ranawat C.S., Rose H.A., Bryan J.W. Technique and results of replacement of the patellofemoral joint with total condylar knee arthroplasty. Orthop. Trans. 1981;5:414.
  84. Reuben J.D., McDonald C.L., Woodard P.L., Hennington L.J. Effect of patella thickness on patella strain following total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 1991;6:251-258.
  85. Rhoads D.D., Noble P.C., Reuben J.D., Tullos H.S. The effect of femoral component position on the kinematics of total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1993;286:122-129.
  86. Robertsson O., Dunbar M., Pehrsson T., Knutson K., Lidgren L. Patient satisfaction after knee arthroplasty: a report on 27,372 knees operated on between 1981 and 1995 in Sweden. Acta Orthop. Scand. 2000;71:262-267.
  87. Rodriguez-Merchan E.C., Gomez-Cardero P. The Outerbridge classification predicts the need for patellar resurfacing in TKA. Clin. Orthop. 2010;468(5): 1254-1257.
  88. Rodricks D.J., Patil S., Pulido P., Colwell C.W. Jr. Pressfit condylar design total knee arthroplasty. Fourteen to seventeen-year follow-up. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2007; 89: 89-95.
  89. Schroeder-Boersch H., Scheller G., Fischer J., Jani L. Advantages of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. Two-year results of a prospective randomized study. Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg. 1998;117(1-2):73-78.
  90. Schroeder-Boersch H., Scheller G., Synnatschke M., Arnold P., Jani L. [Patellar resurfacing. Results of a prospective randomized study]. Orthopade. 1998;27(9):642-650. German.
  91. Scott R.D., Reilly D.T. Pros and cons of patellar resurfacing in total knee replacement. Orthop. Trans. 1980;4:328-329.
  92. Scott R.D. Prosthetic replacement of the patellofemoral joint. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 1979; 10:129-137.
  93. Scott W.N., Kim H. Resurfacing the patella offers lower complication and revision rates. Orthopedics. 2001;24:24.
  94. Scuderi G., Scharf S.C., Meltzer L.P., Scott W.N. The relationship of lateral releases to patella viability in total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 1987;2:209-214.
  95. Scuderi G.R., Insall J.N. Total knee arthroplasty. Current clinical perspectives. Clin. Orthop. 1992;276:26-32.
  96. Shoji H., Shimozaki E. Patellar clunk syndrome in total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing. J. Arthroplasty. 1996;11:198-201.
  97. Shoji H., Yoshino S., Kajino A. Patellar replacement in bilateral total knee arthroplasty. A study of patients who had rheumatoid arthritis and no gross deformity of the patella. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1989;71:853-856.
  98. Sledge C.B., Ewald F.C. Total knee arthroplasty experience at the Robert Breck Brigham Hospital. Clin. Orthop. 1979;145:78-84.
  99. Smith A.J., Wood D.J., Li M.G. Total knee replacement with and without patellar resurfacing: a prospective, randomised trial using the Profix total knee system. J. Bone Joint Surg. Br. 2008;90(1):43-49.
  100. Smith S.R., Stuart P., Pinder I.M. Nonresurfaced patella in total knee arthroplasty. J. Arthroplasty. 1989;4, Suppl:S81-86.
  101. Soren A. Arthritis and related infections. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1993. 448 p.
  102. Steinberg J., Sledge C.B., Noble J., Stirrat C.R. A tissue-culture model of cartilage breakdown in rheumatoid arthritis. Quantitative aspects oproteoglycan release. Biochem. J. 1979; 180:403-412.
  103. Stern S.H., Insall J.N. Total knee arthroplasty in obese patients. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 1990; 72:1400-1404.
  104. Theiss S.M., Kitziger K.J., Lotke P.S., Lotke P.A. Component design affecting patellofemoral complications after total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 1996;(326):183-187.
  105. Vessely M.B., Whaley A.L., Harmsen W.S., Schleck C.D., Berry D.J. The chitranjan ranawat award: Long-term survivorship and failure modes of 1000 cemented condylar total knee arthroplasties. Clin. Orthop. 2006; 452: 28-34.
  106. Vince K.G., McPherson E.J. The patella in total knee arthroplasty. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 1992;23:675-686.
  107. Waikakul S., Vanadurongwan V., Bintachitt P. The effects of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty on position sense: a prospective randomized study. J. Med. Assoc. Thai. 2000;83(9):975-982.
  108. Waters T.S., Bentley G. Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective, randomized study. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2003;85:212-217.
  109. Wood D.J., Smith A.J., Collopy D., White B., Brankov B., Bulsara M.K. Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized trial. J. Bone Joint Surg. Am. 2002;84:187-193.
  110. Yoshii I., Whiteside L.A., Anouchi Y.S. The effect of patellar button placement and femoral component design on patellar tracking in total knee arthroplasty. Clin. Orthop. 1992;(275):11-19.
  111. Zappala F.G., Taffel C.B., Scuderi G.R. Rehabilitation of patellofemoral joint disorders. Orthop. Clin. North Am. 1992;23:555-566.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c)


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 82474 от 10.12.2021.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies