Periprosthetic infection diagnosis. Part 1: serology

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Periprosthetic joint infection continues to be a challenging problem. The demand for total joint arthroplasty is increasing, and the burden of such infections is increasing even more rapidly, and they pose a great problem due to economic reasons and poor outcomes. This review describes the current knowledge regarding diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection with testing erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and some other novel approaches.

About the authors

A. P. Sereda

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: drsereda@gmail.com
Russian Federation

G. M. Kavalersky

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

V. Y. Murylev

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

Y. A. Rukin

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

References

  1. Божкова С.А. Современные принципы диагностики и антибактериальной терапии инфекции протезированных суставов (обзор литературы). Травматология и ортопедия России. 2011; 3(61):126-136.
  2. Лю Бо, Тихилов Р.М., Шубняков И.И., Разоренов В.Л., Денисов А.О., Божкова С.А., Артюх В.А., Клиценко О.А., Тотоев З.А. Эффективность первого этапа двухэтапной ревизии при параэндопротезной инфекции тазобедренного сустава. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2014; (3):5-14.
  3. Artini M., Romano C., Manzoli L. et al. Staphylococcal IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 49(1):423-425.
  4. Austin M.S., Ghanem E., Joshi A., Lindsay A., Parvizi J. A simple, cost-effective screening protocol to rule out periprosthetic infection. J Arthroplasty. 2008; 23:65-68.
  5. Bare J., MacDonald S.J., Bourne R.B. Preoperative evaluations in revision total knee arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006; 446:40-44.
  6. Barrack R.L., Jennings R.W., Wolfe M.W., Bertot A.J. The value of preoperative aspiration before total knee revision. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997; 345:8-16.
  7. Becker W., Palestro C.J., Winship J., Feld T., Pinsky C.M., Wolf F., Goldenberg D.M. Rapid imaging of infections with a monoclonal antibody fragment (LeukoScan). Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 329:263-272.
  8. Berbari E., Mabry T., Tsaras G., Spangehl M., Erwin P.J., Hassan Murad M, et al. Inflammatory blood laboratory levels as markers of prosthetic joint infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010; 92:2102-2109.
  9. Bernard L., Lubbeke A., Stern R., Bru J.P., Feron J.M., Peyramond D. et al. Value of preoperative investigations in diagnosing prosthetic joint infection: retrospective cohort study and literature review. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004; 36:410-416.
  10. Bilgen O., Atici T., Durak K., Karaeminogullari O., Bilgen M.S. C-reactive protein values and erythrocyte sedimentation rates after total hip and total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2001; 29:7-12.
  11. Black E.R., Panzer R.J., Mayewski R.J., Griner P.F. Characteristics of diagnostic tests and principles for their use in quantitative decision making. In: Black E.R., Bordley D.R., Tape T.G., Panzer R.J. Diagnostic strategies of common medical problems. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 1999. p. 8-10.
  12. Bottner F., Wegner A., Winkelmann W., Becker K., Erren M., Gotze C. Interleukin-6, procalcitonin and TNF-alpha: markers of peri-prosthetic infection following total joint replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2007; 89:94-99.
  13. Canner G.C., Stenberg M.E., Heppenstall R.B., Balderston R. The infected hip after total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66-A:1393-1399.
  14. Chevillotte C.J., Ali M.H., Trousdale R.T., Larson D.R., Gullerud R.E., Berry D.J. Inflammatory laboratory markers in periprosthetic hip fractures. J Arthroplasty. 2009; 24:722-727.
  15. Choudhry R.R., Rice R.P., Triffitt P.D., Harper W.M., Gregg P.J. Plasma viscosity and C-reactive protein after total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992; 74:523-524.
  16. Covey D.C., Albright J.A. Clinical significance of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987; 69:148-151.
  17. Datz F.L., Anderson C.H., Ahluwalia R., Whiting J.H., Gabor F.V., Morton K.A. et al. The efficacy of indium- 111-polyclonal IgG for the detection of infection and inflammation. J Nucl Med. 1994; 35:74-83.
  18. Della Valle C.J., Sporer S.M., Jacobs J.J., Berger R.A., Rosenberg A.G., Paprosky W.G. Preoperative testing for sepsis before revision total knee arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2007; 22(6 Suppl 2):90-93.
  19. Di Cesare P.E., Chang E., Preston C.F., Liu C.J. Serum interleukin-6 as a marker of periprosthetic infection following total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005; 87:1921-1927.
  20. Duff G.P., Lachiewicz P.F., Kelley S.S. Aspiration of the knee joint before revision arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 331:132-139.
  21. Elamin M.B., Murad M.H., Mullan R., Erickson D., Harris K., Nadeem S. et al. Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Cushing’s syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalyses. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008; 93:1553-1562.
  22. Feldman D.S., Lonner J.H., Desai P., Zuckerman J.D. The role of intraoperative frozen sections in revision total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995; 77:1807-1813.
  23. Fink B., Makowiak C., Fuerst M., Berger I., Schäfer P., Frommelt L. The value of synovial biopsy, joint aspiration and C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of late periprosthetic infection of total knee replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2008; 90: 874-878.
  24. Fuster D., Duch J., Soriano A., Garcia S., Setoain X., Bori G. et al. Potential use of bone marrow scintigraphy in suspected prosthetic hip infection evaluated with 99m Tc-HMPAO-leukocytes. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 2008; 27:430-435.
  25. Ghanem E., Antoci V. Jr., Pulido L., Joshi A., Hozack W., Parvizi J. The use of receiver operating characteristics analysis in determining erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels in diagnosing periprosthetic infection prior to revision total hip arthroplasty. Int J Infect Dis. 2009; 13(6):e444-9.
  26. Ghanem E., Parvizi J., Burnett R.S., Sharkey P.F., Keshavarzi N., Aggarwal A., Barrack R.L. Cell count and differential of aspirated fluid in the diagnosis of infection at the site of total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008; 90:1637-1643.
  27. Glehr M., Friesenbichler J., Hofmann G., Bernhardt G.A., Zacherl M. et al. Novel biomarkers to detect infection in revision hip and knee arthroplasties. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2013; 471(8):2621-2628.
  28. Greidanus N.V., Masri B.A., Garbuz D.S., Wilson S.D., McAlinden M.G., Xu M., Duncan C.P. Use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level to diagnose infection before revision total knee arthroplasty. A prospective evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007; 89:1409-1416.
  29. Hanssen A.D., Rand J.A., Osmon D.R. Treatment of the infected total knee arthroplasty with insertion of another prosthesis. The effect of antibiotic-impregnated bone cement. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994; 309:44-54.
  30. Hugle T., Schuetz P., Mueller B., Laifer G., Tyndall A., Regenass S., Daikeler T. Serum procalcitonin for discrimination between septic and non-septic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008; 26:453-456.
  31. Itasaka T., Kawai A., Sato T., Mitani S., Inoue H. Diagnosis of infection after total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci. 2001; 6:320-326.
  32. Kamme C., Lindberg L. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in deep infections after total hip arthroplasty: differential diagnosis between infectious and non- infectious loosening. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1981; (154):201-207.
  33. Kanner W.A., Saleh K.J., Frierson H.F. Jr. Reassessment of the usefulness of frozen section analysis for hip and knee joint revisions. Am J Clin Pathology. 2008; 130:363-368.
  34. Klett R., Khalisi A., Haas H., Puille M., Steiner D., Stürz H., Bauer R. Staged diagnosis of septic hip endoprosthesis loosening with laboratory parameters and antigranulocyte scintigraphy. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2001; 139:415-419.
  35. Kordelle J., Klett R., Stahl U., Hossain H., Schleicher I., Haas H. Infection diagnosis after knee-TEP- implantation. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2004; 142:337-343.
  36. Lachiewicz P.F., Rogers G.D., Thomason H.C. Aspiration of the hip joint before revision total hip arthroplasty. Clinical and laboratory factors influencing attainment of a positive culture. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996; 78:749-754.
  37. Levitsky K.A., Hozack W.J., Balderson R.A., Rothman R.H., Gluckman S.J., Maslack M.M. et al. Evaluation of the painful prosthetic joint. Relative value of bone scan, sedimentation rate, and joint aspiration. J Arthroplasty. 1991; 6:237-244.
  38. Lonner J.H., Desai P., Dicesare P.E., Steiner G., Zuckerman J.D. The reliability of analysis of intraoperative frozen sections for identifying active infection during revision hip or knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996; 78:1553-1558.
  39. Magnuson J.E., Brown M.L., Hauser M.F., Berquist T.H., Fitzgerald R.H. Jr., Klee G.G. In-111-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy in suspected orthopedic prosthesis infection: comparison with other imaging modalities. Radiology. 1988; 168:235-239.
  40. Martinot M., Sordet C., Soubrier M., Puechal X., Saraux A., Liote F. et al. Diagnostic value of serum and synovial procalcitonin in acute arthritis: a prospective study of patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol.2005; 23:303-310.
  41. Moreschini O., Greggi G., Giordano M.C., Nocente M., Margheritini F. Postoperative physiopathological analysis of inflammatory parameters in patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty. Int J Tissue React. 2001; 23:151-154.
  42. Muller M., Morawietz L., Hasart O., Strube P., Perka C., Tohtz S. Diagnosis of periprosthetic infection following total hip arthroplasty - evaluation of the diagnostic values of pre- and intraoperative parameters and the associated strategy to preoperatively select patients with a high probability of joint infection. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008; 3:31.
  43. Nilsdotter-Augustinsson A., Briheim G., Herder A., Ljunghusen O., Wahlström O., Ohman L. Inflammatory response in 85 patients with loosened hip prostheses: a prospective study comparing inflammatory markers in patients with aseptic and septic prosthetic loosening. Acta Orthop. 2007; 78:629-639.
  44. Niskanen R.O., Korkala O., Pammo H. Serum C-reactive protein levels after total hip and knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996; 78:431-433.
  45. Palestro C.J., Swyer A.J., Kim C.K., Goldsmith S.J. Infected knee prosthesis: diagnosis with In-111 leukocyte, Tc-99m sulfur colloid, and Tc-99m MDP imaging. Radiology. 1991; 179:645-648.
  46. Parvizi J., Gehrke T., Chen A.F. Proceedings of the International Consensus on Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Bone Joint J. 2013; 95-B:1450-1452.
  47. Parvizi J., Ghanem E., Menashe S., Barrack R.L., Bauer T.W. Periprosthetic infec- tion: what are the diagnostic challenges? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006; 88 Suppl 4:138-147.
  48. Parvizi J. et al. Management of periprosthetic joint infection: The current knowledge AAOS exhibit selection. J. Bone Joint Surg. 2012; 94(14): e104.
  49. Patel R., Osmon D.R., Hanssen A.D. The diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection: current techniques and emerging technologies. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005; 437:55-58.
  50. Pfitzner T., Krocker D., Perka C., Matziolis G. C-reactive protein. An independent risk factor for the development of infection after primary arthroplasty. Orthopade. 2008; 37:1116-1120.
  51. Rand J.A., Chao E.Y., Stauffer R.N. Kinematic rotating- hinge total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987; 69:489-497.
  52. Randau T.M., Friedrich M.J., Wimmer M.D., Reichert B., Kuberra D., Stoffel-Wagner B., Limmer A., Wirtz D.C., Gravius S. Interleukin-6 in serum and in synovial fluid enhances the differentiation between periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic loosening. PLoS One. 2014; 9(2):e89045.
  53. Roberts P., Walters A.J., McMinn D.J. Diagnosing infection in hip replacements. The use of fine-needle aspiration and radiometric culture. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992; 74:265-269.
  54. Sanzen L., Carlsson A.S., Josefsson G., Lindberg L.T. Revision operations on infected total hip arthroplasties. Two- to nine-year follow-up study. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1988; 229:165-172.
  55. Sanzen L., Carlsson A.S. The diagnostic value of c-reactive protein in infected total hip arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1989; 71:638-641.
  56. Savarino L., Baldini N., Tarabusi C., Pellacani A., Giunti A. Diagnosis of infection after total hip replacement. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2004; 70:139-145.
  57. Schinsky M.F., Della Valle C.J., Sporer S.M., Paprosky W.G. Perioperative testing for joint infection in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008; 90:1869-1875.
  58. Shih L.Y., Wu J.J., Yang D.J. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein values in patients with total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1987; 225:238-246.
  59. Simonsen L., Buhl A., Oersnes T., Duus B. White blood cell scintigraphy for dif- ferentiation of infection and aseptic loosening - a retrospective study of 76 painful hip prostheses. Acta Orthop. 2007; 78:640-647.
  60. Spangehl M.J., Masri B.A., O’Connell J.X., Duncan C.P. Prospective analysis of preoperative and intraoperative investigations for the diagnosis of infection at the sites of two hundred and two revision total hip arthroplasties. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999; 81:672-683.
  61. Spangehl M.J., Masterson E., Masri B.A., O’Connell J.X., Duncan C.P. The role of intraoperative gram stain in the diagnosis of infection during revision total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 1999; 14:952-956.
  62. Swets J.A., Pickett R.M., Whitehead S.F., Getty D.J., Schnur J.A., Swets J.B., Freeman B.A. Assessment of diagnostic technologies. Science. 1979; 205:753-759.
  63. Teller R.E., Christie M.J., Martin W., Nance E.P., Haas D.W. Sequential indium-labeled leukocyte and bone scans to diagnose prosthetic joint infection. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000; 373:241-247.
  64. The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections of the hip and knee guideline and evidence report. Adopted by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Board of Directors June 18, 2010. http://www.aaos.org/ research/guidelines/PJIguideline.pdf
  65. Thoren B., Wigren A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in infection of total hip replacements. Orthopedics. 1991; 14:495-497.
  66. White J., Kelly M., Dunsmuir R. C-reactive protein level after total hip and total knee replacement. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1998; 80:909-911.
  67. Windsor R.E., Insall J.N., Urs W.K., Miller D.V., Brause B.D. Two-s.age reimplantation for the salvage of total knee arthroplasty complicated by infection. Further follow-up and refinement of indications. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1990; 72:272-278.
  68. Wirtz D.C., Heller K.D., Miltner O., Zilkens K.W., Wolff J.M. Interleukin-6: a potential inflammatory marker after total joint replacement. Int Orthop. 2000; 24:194-196.
  69. Zmistowski B, Della Valle C, Bauer TW, Malizos KN, Alavi A, Bedair H et al. Diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection. Arthroplasty. 2014; 29(2 Supplement):77-83.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2014


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 82474 от 10.12.2021.


This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies