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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7989</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-7989</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Случаи из практики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Focus of Bone Tissue Destruction in Patients With Aseptic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Two Case Reports</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вирус иммунодефицита человека в очаге деструкции костной ткани при асептическом некрозе головки бедренной кости: клинические наблюдения</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-3200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peretsmanas</surname><given-names>Evgeny O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перецманас</surname><given-names>Евгений Оркович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, руководитель научного отдела костно-суставной патологии</p></bio><email>peretsmanas58@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2292-1228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyulkova</surname><given-names>Tatiana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюлькова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук</p></bio><email>tulkova@urniif.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-8400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубиков</surname><given-names>Владимир Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>zubikovladimir@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4388-155X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>Ilya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>Илья Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gerial36@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3016-6920</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaminsky</surname><given-names>Grigory  D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каминский</surname><given-names>Григорий Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук</p></bio><email>kaminskigd@nmrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Center of Phthisiopulmonology and Infectious Diseases</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр фтизиопульмонологии и инфекционных заболеваний» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>94</fpage><lpage>101</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-03-13"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/7989">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/7989</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background</italic></bold><bold><italic>.</italic></bold> Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is significantly more common in HIV-positive patients than in the general population. The etiology and pathogenesis of this process are not fully understood. In some studies, suggestions have been made about the possible direct pathological action of the virus on bone tissue cells. No studies dedicated to the identification of the virus directly in the foci of osteonecrosis were found in available literature sources.</p> <p><bold><italic>The</italic></bold> <bold><italic>aim</italic></bold> <bold><italic>of</italic></bold> <bold><italic>the</italic></bold> <bold><italic>study</italic></bold> — to present the first clinical cases of patients with aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in whom HIV RNA was found in the focus of bone necrosis.</p> <p><bold><italic>Cases</italic></bold> <bold><italic>presentation</italic></bold><bold><italic>.</italic></bold> Patients aged 54 and 38 years, suffering from HIV infection, were admitted to the clinic due to aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. For diagnostic purposes, the patients underwent trephine biopsy of the osteonecrosis sites in the femoral head and unaltered bone tissue of the greater trochanter. The biological material was studied using PCR, microbiological, and histological methods. As a result of the PCR study, HIV RNA was detected in the foci of osteonecrosis in the femoral head. In the blood plasma of both patients, viral load was undetectable. In the bone tissue of the greater trochanter in the 54-year-old patient, the viral load was not determined, while in the 38-year-old patient, the viral load in the greater trochanter was significantly lower than in the necrosis focus of the femoral head.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion</italic></bold><bold><italic>. </italic></bold>The obtained data may indicate the possibility of direct involvement of the virus in the pathogenesis of arthropathy and cast doubt on the aseptic nature of osteonecrosis in HIV-positive patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность. </italic></bold>Остеонекроз головки бедренной кости значительно чаще встречается у ВИЧ-больных, чем в общей популяции. Механизм этиологии и патогенеза этого процесса до конца не изучен. В единичных исследованиях высказываются предположения о возможном прямом патологическом действии вируса на клетки костной ткани. Исследования, посвященные нахождению вируса непосредственно в очагах остеонекроза, в доступных литературных источниках не найдены.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold> — представить первые клинические наблюдения больных с асептическим некрозом головки бедренной кости, протекающим на фоне ВИЧ-инфекции, у которых выявлена РНК ВИЧ в очаге костного некроза.</p> <p><bold><italic>Описание клинических случаев.</italic></bold> Пациенты 54 и 38 лет, больные ВИЧ-инфекцией, госпитализированы в клинику по поводу асептического некроза головки бедренной кости. Пациентам с целью диагностики выполнена трепанобиопсия участков остеонекроза в головке бедренной кости и неизмененной костной ткани большого вертела. Биологический материал изучен при помощи ПЦР, микробиологическими и гистологическими методами. В результате ПЦР-исследования в очагах остеонекроза в головке бедренной кости обнаружена РНК вируса иммунодефицита человека. В плазме крови у обоих пациентов — неопределяемая вирусная нагрузка. В костной ткани большого вертела у пациента 54 лет вирусная нагрузка не определена, у пациента 38 лет вирусная нагрузка в большом вертеле была значительно ниже, чем в очаге остеонекроза головки бедренной кости.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Полученные данные могут свидетельствовать о возможности прямого участия вируса в патогенезе артропатии и ставят под сомнение асептическую природу остеонекроза у больных ВИЧ-инфекцией.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>osteonecrosis</kwd><kwd>aseptic necrosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>вирус иммунодефицита человека</kwd><kwd>остеонекроз</kwd><kwd>асептический некроз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Manzotti A., Larghi M., Placenza E., Susini F., Grassi M. 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