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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">372</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21823/2311-2905-2013--4-5-15</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Orthopedic implant-associated infection: the main etiological agents, local resistance and antimicrobial therapy recommendations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ортопедическая имплантат-ассоциированная инфекция: ведущие возбудители, локальная резистентность и рекомендации по антибактериальной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhkova</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божкова</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>clinpharm-rniito@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhilov</surname><given-names>R. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихилов</surname><given-names>Р. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>info@rniito.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasnova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Краснова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>m_kras@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukina</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукина</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anrukina@rniito.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden Russian Research Institute for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-11-01"><day>01</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/372">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Surgical site infections remain a major complication of arthroplasty, spinal stabilization or other orthopedic surgeries. The pathogenesis of these complications is related to use orthopedic implants. This retrospective study investigated the microbiological etiology of implant-associated infection after orthopedic surgery over a 3-year period (2010-2012). The antibiotic resistance profiles of 1350 clinical microbial isolates were determined. The biofilm forming capacity of 394 staphylococcal strains was tested. Statistical analysis was performed using Z-criterion. From a results of the microbiological culture, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated in 49,9% of cases, followed by: Enterococcus faecalis - 6,4%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa - 5,9%, Acinetobacter spp - 5,1% and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae - 4.1%. MRSA amounted to 23,9% and MRSE - 56,6% (p&lt;0,05) . The percentage of strong biofilm forming strains was more among S.epidermidis strains compared to S. aureus strains (46,4 vs 37,3%; p&lt;0,05). The strains of both Staphylococcus spp, isolated from tissue bioptates and removed orthopedic implants, possessed strong biofilm forming capacity more often than isolates from aspirates (p&lt;0,05). The recommendations for empirical and etiotropic therapy of implant-associated infection after orthopedic surgeries were developed on the basis of data on antibiotic resistance of studied microorganisms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инфекция области хирургического вмешательства до настоящего времени остается одним из наиболее серьезных осложнений эндопротезирования суставов, спондилосинтеза и других ортопедических операций. В патогенезе данного осложнения большую роль играет установка имплантата. Настоящее ретроспективное исследование основано на изучении этиологии имплантат-ассоциированной инфекции после ортопедических операций за 3-летний период (2010-2012). Проанализирован профиль антибиотикорезистентности у 1350 клинических штаммов бактерий. Выполнена оценка способности формировать микробные биопленки у 394 штаммов Staphylococcus spp. Статистический анализ данных выполнен с использованием Z-критерия стандартного нормального распределения для оценки разности между долями. Установлено, что в видовом спектре возбудителей имплантат-ассоциированной инфекции ведущие позиции занимают S. aureus и S. epidermidis (49,9%), далее следуют Enterococcus faecalis (6,4%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5,9%), Acinetobacter spp. (5,1%) и представители семейства энтеробактерий (4,1%). Установлено, что штаммы S. epidermidis по сравнению с S. aureus характеризуются более высокой резистентностью к метициллину (56,6% vs. 23,9%; p&lt;0,05) и чаще обладают выраженной способностью к формированию микробных биопленок (46,4 vs 37,3%; p&lt;0,05). Штаммы обоих видов стафилококков, изолированные из тканевых биоптатов и с ортопедических конструкций, значимо чаще характеризовались выраженной способностью к формированию биопленки, чем изоляты из аспиратов (p&lt;0,05). На основании полученных данных об антибиотикорезистентности выделенных патогенов сформированы рекомендации по выбору антимикробных препаратов для эмпирической и этиотропной терапии имплантат-ассоциированной инфекции после ортопедических операций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имплантат-ассоциированная инфекция</kwd><kwd>инфекционные осложнения</kwd><kwd>ортопедическая хирургия</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>биопленки</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>implant-associated infection</kwd><kwd>infection complications</kwd><kwd>orthopedic surgery</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>antimicrobial therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Божкова С.А., Тихилов Р.М., Краснова М.В., Тишина В.В., Полякова Е.М., Торопов С.С. 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