Traumatology and Orthopedics of RussiaTraumatology and Orthopedics of RussiaТравматология и ортопедия России2311-29052542-0933Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics35710.21823/2311-2905-2013--3-72-79Theoretical and experimental studiesТеоретические и экспериментальные исследованияTheoretical and experimental studiesBiomechanical consequences of anatomical reconstruction of the lateral ligaments to the ankle joint complex: an in vitro investigationВлияние анатомических реконструкций связок на комплекс голеностопного сустава: исследование in vitroShmidtR.ШмидтР.
Russian Federation
doc.r.schmidt@t-online.deBeneshS.БенешС.
Russian Federation
Bundeswehrkrankenhaus UlmГоспиталь Бундесвера30092013193727901112016https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/357

The three-dimensional kinematics of both the ankle and the subtalar joints was examined after cutting and subsequent repairing the lateral ligaments using three anatomical procedures: direct repair, tendon graft and carbon-fibre implant. All procedures restored the original kinematics of the subtalar joint, except the plantar/dorsiflexion. For the talocrural joint, the tendon graft and the carbon fibre implant left a minimal laxity for the inversion/eversion and internal/external rotation movements. The direct repair procedure restored the physiologic kinematics almost completely and gave the best results, allowing to restore almost completely the physiologic kinematics. Each procedure respected the insertion points and the directions of the original ligaments. However, the different results for the direct repair and the other two anatomical procedures show that this condition alone is not sufficient to restore the kinematics of the talocrural and subtalar joints perfectly. None of the procedures caused a movement restriction. Thus, we recommend the direct repair of the ligaments as the method of choice. If the quality or the conditions of the ligaments do not allow a direct repair, we recommend to use another anatomical reconstruction.

Представлены результаты экспериментального биомеханического исследования трёхмерной кинематики подтаранного и голеностопного суставов после рассечения латерального связочного аппарата, а также после трёх различных операций на связках: 1) непосредственно сухожильного шва; 2) с использованием свободного аутотрансплантата из сухожилия m. peroneus brevis; 3) пластики с применением алллотрансплантата, содержащего углеродистую ткань. Анатомические реконструктивные вмешательства на латеральном связочном аппарате голеностопного сустава, которые учитывают естественные точки прикрепления связок, а также их физиологическое протяжение, не привели к какому-либо ограничению естественной амплитуды движений стопы. Таким образом, при помощи анатомической реконструкции связок удалось достичь нормальной свободы движения в подтаранном и голеностопном суставах. При этом лучшие результаты здесь показал непосредственно шов, или же костная реинсерция. Ограничения движения в подтаранном и голеностопном суставах не наблюдалось. Непосредственный шов, или же костная реинсерция связок, предлагается в качестве метода выбора при лечении механически обусловленной хронической нестабильности голеностопного сустава. Если состояние остатков связочного аппарата не позволяет выполнить непосредственно шов связок, следует применять иной анатомический метод.

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