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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-2046</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Случаи из практики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Tenosynovitis of the Flexor Digitorum and Flexor Carpi Caused by <italic>Mycobacterium Tuberculosis</italic>: Case Report and Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Теносиновит сгибателей пальцев и кисти, вызванный <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic>: клинический случай и обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-5299</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AGG-5177-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1109-8492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdiba</surname><given-names>Nino V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдиба</surname><given-names>Нино Важаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abdiba</surname><given-names>Nino V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>orthopaedic surgeon, research worker Scientific Department of hand surgery with microsurgical technique </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>травматолог-ортопед травматолого-ортопедического отделения №16, лаборант-исследователь отделения хирургии кисти с микрохирургической техникой </p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>orthopaedic surgeon</p></bio><email>ninoabdiba@gmail.com</email><uri>https://rniito.ru/r/otdelenie_travmatologo_ortopedicheskoe_16/abdiba_nino_vajaevna.html</uri><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2402-7307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodomanova</surname><given-names>Lyubov A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родоманова</surname><given-names>Любовь Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rodomanova</surname><given-names>Lyubov A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor, MD, Head of the Scientific Department of hand surgery with microsurgical technique</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор, доктор медицинских наук, руководитель отделения хирургии кисти с микрохирургической техникой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><email>rodomanovaliubov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6278-7783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotukhina</surname><given-names>Inna Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотухина</surname><given-names>Инна Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Zolotukhina</surname><given-names>Inna Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>orthopaedic surgeon, research worker Scientific Department of hand surgery with microsurgical technique </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>травматолог-ортопед травматолого-ортопедического отделения №16, лаборант-исследователь отделения хирургии кисти с микрохирургической техникой </p></bio><email>Zolotuhinai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-16"><day>16</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-11"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2046">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2046</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background</italic></bold><bold><italic>.</italic></bold> Mycobacterial tenosynovitis of the hand and forearm is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, which can lead to permanent disability of patients.</p> <p><bold><italic>Case</italic></bold> <bold><italic>presentation</italic></bold><bold><italic>.</italic></bold> We present a rare clinical case of generalized tenosynovitis of the tendons of all hand and finger flexors of the right upper extremity caused by <italic>Mycobacterium</italic> <italic>tuberculosis</italic> (MBT). Patient complained of a lump on the palmar surface of the right hand with periodic spontaneous discharge in the form of rice grains. MRI revealed a peritendinal synovial cystic mass on the volar surface of the hand and wrist joint with the presence of multiple chondromal bodies, tendinitis and tenosynovitis of the flexor of IV and V fingers. Removal of the neoplasm, pathological tissues, and total synovectomy were performed. Intraoperative material was tested using PCR. DNA of <italic>Mycobacterium</italic> <italic>tuberculosis</italic> complex was detected.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion</italic></bold><bold><italic>. </italic></bold>Presented case report demonstrates the importance of preoperative MRI examination in tenosynovitis of unknown etiology and the necessity of histological and bacteriological examination of intraoperative material. Transportation of obtained tissues for examination should be performed without the use of formalin in order to exclude false negative results. One should be vigilant against nonspecific infections, including <italic>Mycobacterium</italic> <italic>tuberculosis</italic>, when treating patients with immunocompromising diseases. The presence of limb neuropathy, instrumental signs of the second or the third stage of tuberculous tenosynovitis according to Kanavel classification are indications for surgical treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность. </italic></bold>Теносиновит кисти и предплечья микобактериальной этиологии является крайне редкой формой внелегочного туберкулеза и может приводить к стойкой инвалидизации пациентов.</p> <p><bold><italic>Описание случая. </italic></bold>Представляем редкий клинический случай распространенного теносиновита сухожилий всех сгибателей кисти и пальцев правой верхней конечности, вызванного <italic>Mycobacterium</italic> <italic>tuberculosis</italic>. Пациент обратился с жалобами на наличие образования по ладонной поверхности правой кисти, из которого периодически самопроизвольно возникало отделяемое в виде рисовых зерен. По результатам МРТ выявлена картина перитендинального синовиального кистозного образования по волярной поверхности кисти и лучезапястного сустава с наличием множественных хондромных тел, тендинит и теносиновит сгибателей IV и V пальцев кисти. Выполнено удаление новообразования, патологических тканей и тотальная синовэктомия. Интраоперационный материал отправлен на ПЦР-исследование, выявлена ДНК микобактериального туберкулезного комплекса.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Представленный клинический случай демонстрирует важность выполнения МРТ исследования при теносиновите неясной этиологии до операции и необходимость гистологического и бактериологического исследования интраоперационного материала. Транспортировка полученных тканей для исследований должна осуществляться без использования формалина с целью исключения ложноотрицательных результатов. При лечении пациентов с имуннокопрометирующими заболеваниями должна быть настороженность в отношении неспецифических инфекций, в том числе <italic>Mycobacterium</italic> <italic>tuberculosis</italic>. Наличие у пациента нейропатии конечности, инструментальных признаков второй или третей стадии туберкулезного теносиновита по классификации Kanavel является показанием к хирургическому лечению.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mycobacterial tenosynovitis</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>carpal tunnel syndrome</kwd><kwd>synovectomy</kwd><kwd>synovial hypertrophy</kwd><kwd>tendinitis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теносиновит микобактериальной этиологии</kwd><kwd>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>микобактерия туберкулеза</kwd><kwd>синдром карпального канала</kwd><kwd>синовэктомия</kwd><kwd>гипертрофия синовиальных оболочек</kwd><kwd>тендинит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global tuberculosis report 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. p. 7-9. 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