<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2039</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-2039</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретические и экспериментальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Properties of Calcium Phosphate/Hydrogel Bone Grafting Composite on the Model of Diaphyseal Rat Femur’s Defect: Experimental Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка свойств костнозамещающих материалов на основе полиэтиленгликоль диакрилата и октакальциевого фосфата на модели монокортикального диафизарного дефекта бедренной кости крысы: экспериментальное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5487-9039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcherbakov</surname><given-names>Ivan M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щербаков</surname><given-names>Иван Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>imscherbackov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-7381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimashina</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климашина</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>alenakovaleva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-054X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Evdokimov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Евдокимов</surname><given-names>Павел Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>pavel.evdokimov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3372-5393</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhonov</surname><given-names>Andrei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихонов</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>andytikhon94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-6787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Putlayev</surname><given-names>Valerii I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Путляев</surname><given-names>Валерий Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Chem.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. хим. наук</p></bio><email>valery.putlayev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-7050</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipunov</surname><given-names>Georgii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипунов</surname><given-names>Георгий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shipunovgeorge@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-2989</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zatsepin</surname><given-names>Vladislav A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зацепин</surname><given-names>Владислав Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gyglvladislav@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-0432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrov</surname><given-names>Vadim E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубров</surname><given-names>Вадим Эрикович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vduort@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7848-6707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>Natal’ia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>Наталья Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>natalyadanilova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5074-3513</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkov</surname><given-names>Pavel G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальков</surname><given-names>Павел Георгиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>malkovp@fbm.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-12-21"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2039">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2039</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> The problem of bone defects replacement is relevant nowadays, that is why many scientists create new synthetic bone substitutes, but the «ideal» material has not been found so far.</p> <p><bold><italic>The aims of the study</italic></bold>: 1) to determine the suitability of the monocortical defect model in the rat femur diaphysis with additional prophylactic reinforcement with a bone plate for assessing the biological properties of implanted materials using the commercially available ChronOS® material as an example; 2) to assess of the osteoconductive properties of composite materials based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with architecture Kelvin and gyroid types on the developed model.</p> <p><bold><italic>Methods. </italic></bold>A prospective study, level of evidence II. A monocortical defect of the rat femoral diaphysis (length 7 mm) was produced under anaesthesia in aseptic conditions and fixed with a polyetheretherketone plate and six titanium screws. In the control group, the defect was left empty. In other groups, blocks of one of three materials were implanted — сhronOS and composites of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with 3D-printed Kelvin and gyroid architectures. After 3 and 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and histological examination of the defect zone was performed. The amount of newly formed bone tissue was histometricly assessed, followed by statistical processing of the results.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> All rats have reached the planned endpoint, and there were no infectious complications or loss of fixation. Histological examination of the defect zone revealed minimal bone growth in the Control group, rather slow bone formation in the Gyroid group, and statistically significantly more pronounced bone formation in the pores of the materials in the Kelvin and Chronos groups.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusions.</italic></bold> Bone defect in this model was not spontaneously filled with bone tissue and allowed us to study the biological properties of bone substitutes (the ability to biodegrade and osteoconductive properties). The osteoconductive properties of a composite material based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with a Kelvin architecture are higher than with a gyroid architecture and are comparable to that of the сhronOS.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность.</italic></bold> Проблема замещения дефектов кости актуальна в настоящее время, постоянно ведутся поиски новых синтетических костнозамещающих материалов, однако идеальный материал не найден до сих пор.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цели исследования</italic></bold><bold>: </bold>1) определение пригодности модели монокортикального дефекта диафиза бедренной кости крысы с дополнительным профилактическим армированием при помощи накостной пластины для оценки биологических свойств имплантируемых материалов на примере коммерчески доступного материала сhronOS®; 2) оценка остеокондуктивных свойств композитных материалов на основе полиэтиленгликоль диакрилата и октакальциевого фосфата с архитектурой Кельвина и типа гироид на разработанной модели.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы.</italic></bold> Монокортикальный дефект диафиза бедренной кости крыс размером 7 мм в длину производили под наркозом в асептических условиях операционной и фиксировали полиэфирэфиркетоновой пластиной и шестью титановыми винтами. Крыс распределяли случайным образом на четыре группы по 12 особей в каждой. В группе «Контроль» у животных костный дефект не заполняли. У животных в группе «Хронос» дефект заполняли подготовленным материалом chronOS® в виде полуцилиндрического блока, в группе «Кельвин» — исследуемым материалом с архитектурой Кельвина, в группе «Гироид» — исследуемым материалом с архитектурой типа гироид. Через 3 и 6 нед. крыс выводили из эксперимента и производили гистологическое исследование зоны дефекта. Затем выполняли гистометрическую оценку количества новообразованной костной ткани с последующей статистической обработкой результатов.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> В ходе эксперимента все животные достигли планируемой конечной точки, инфекционные осложнения и потеря фиксации зафиксированы не были. При гистологическом исследовании зоны дефекта выявлен минимальный рост кости в группе «Контроль», достаточно медленное образование кости в материале группы «Гироид» и статистически значимо более выраженное образование костной ткани в порах материалов в группах «Кельвин» и «Хронос».</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Разработанная модель дефекта кости спонтанно не заполняется костной тканью и позволяет проводить изучение биологических свойств костнопластических материалов (способность к биодеградации и остеокондуктивные свойства). Остеокондуктивные свойства композитного материала на основе полиэтиленгликоль диакрилата и октакальциевого фосфата с архитектурой Кельвина выше, чем с архитектурой типа гироид, и сопоставимы с таковыми у материала сhronOS.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone repair</kwd><kwd>critical-size defect</kwd><kwd>hydrogel</kwd><kwd>bone substitutes</kwd><kwd>3D-printing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регенерация костной ткани</kwd><kwd>критический дефект</kwd><kwd>гидрогель</kwd><kwd>костнозамещающие материалы</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">РНФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>17-79-20427</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karyakin N.N., Gorbatov R.O., Novikov A.E., Niftullaev R.M. [Surgical treatment of patients with tumors of long bones of upper limbs using tailored 3D printed bone substitute implants]. Genij Ortopedii [Orthopaedic Genius]. 2017;23(3):323-330. (In Russian). doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2017-23-3-323-330.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карякин Н.Н., Горбатов Р.О., Новиков А.Е., Нифтуллаев Р.М. Хирургическое лечение пациентов с опухолями длинных трубчатых костей верхних конечностей с использованием индивидуальных имплантатов из костнозамещающего материала, созданных по технологиям 3D-печати. Гений ортопедии. 2017;23(3): 323-330. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2017-23-3-323-330.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasyanova E.S., Kopelev P.V., Alexandrova S.A. [Analysis of the viability of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells cultivated on osteoreplacement material BIOSIT-SR ELCOR after surface modification bycollagen type I]. Byulleten’ innovatsionnykh tekhnologii [Bulletin of Innovative Technologies]. 2018;2(3(7)):32-37. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Касьянова Е.С., Копелев П.В., Александрова С.А. Оценка влияния модификации коллагеном I типа поверхности остеозамещающего материала “БИОСИТ СР ЭЛКОР” на жизнеспособность мезенхимных стромальных клеток костного мозга. Бюллетень инновационных технологий. 2018;2(3(7)):32-37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kryukov E.V., Brizhan’ L.K., Khominets V.V., Davydov D.V., Chirva Yu.V., Sevastianov V.I. et al. [Clinical use of scaffold-technology to manage extensive bone defects]. Genij Ortopedii [Orthopaedic Genius]. 2019;25(1):49-57. (In Russian). doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2019-25-1-49-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Крюков Е.В., Брижань Л.К., Хоминец В.В., Давыдов Д.В., Чирва Ю.В., Севастьянов В.И. и др. Опыт клинического применения тканеинженерных конструкций в лечении протяженных дефектов костной ткани. Гений ортопедии. 2019;25(1):49-57. doi: 10.18019/1028-4427-2019-25-1-49-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khominets V.V., Vorobev K.A., Sokolova M.O., Ivanova A.K., Komarov A.V. [Allogeneic osteoplastic materials for reconstructive surgery of combat injuries]. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Voenno-meditsinskoi akademii [Russian Military Medical Academy Reports]. 2022;41(3):309- 314. (In Russian). doi: 10.17816/rmmar109090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хоминец В.В., Воробьев К.А., Соколова М.О., Иванова А.К., Комаров А.В. Аллогенные остеопластические материалы для реконструктивной хирургии боевых травм. Известия Российской Военно-медицинской академии. 2022;41(3):309-314. doi: 10.17816/rmmar109090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Bai X., Gao M., Syed S., Zhuang J., Xu X., Zhang X.Q. Bioactive hydrogels for bone regeneration. Bioact Mater. 2018;3(4):401-417. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.05.006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>van der Heide D., Cidonio G., Stoddart M.J., D’Este M. 3D printing of inorganic-biopolymer composites for bone regeneration. Biofabrication. 2022;14(4). doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac8cb2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Wu Y., Zeng W., Xu J., Sun Y., Huang Y., Xiang D. et al. Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and in vitro and in vivo osteogenic evaluation of a bioresorbable, moldable, hydroxyapatite/poly(caprolactone-co-lactide) bone substitute. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2023;111(3):367-377. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.37463.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Kitamura M., Ohtsuki C., Iwasaki H., Ogata S., Tanihara M., Miyazaki T. The controlled resorption of porous alpha-tricalcium phosphate using a hydroxypropylcellulose coating. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2004;15(10): 1153-1158. doi: 10.1023/B:JMSM.0000046399.40310.47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Bohner M. Resorbable biomaterials as bone graft substitutes. 2010;13(1-2):24-30. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1369702110700146. doi: 10.1016/S1369-7021(10)70014-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Hing K.A. Bioceramic bone graft substitutes: influence of porosity and chemistry. Int J Appl Ceram Technol. 2005;2(3):184-199. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2005.02020.x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Komlev V.S., Bozo I.I., Deev R.V., Gurin A.N. Bioactivity and effect of bone formation for octacalcium phosphate ceramics. In: Octacalcium Phosphate Biomaterials. 2020. p. 85-119. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-102511-6.00005-4. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081025116000054.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Suzuki O. Octacalcium phosphate: osteoconductivity and crystal chemistry. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(9):3379-3387. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Miño-Fariña N., Muñoz-Guzón F., López-Peña M., Ginebra M.P., Del Valle-Fresno S., Ayala D. et al. Quantitative analysis of the resorption and osteoconduction of a macroporous calcium phosphate bone cement for the repair of a critical size defect in the femoral condyle. Vet J. 2009;179(2):264-272. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.09.011.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Sutradhar A., Paulino G.H., Miller M.J., Nguyen T.H. Topological optimization for designing patient-specific large craniofacial segmental bone replacements. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2010;107(30):13222-13227. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1001208107.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Tamimi A.A., Peach C., Fernandes P.R., Cseke A., Bartolo P.J.D.S. Topology Optimization to Reduce the Stress Shielding Effect for Orthopedic Applications. Procedia CIRP. 2017;65:202-206. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2212827117305425.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Querin O.M., Victoria M., Alonso C., Ansola R., Martí P. Topology Optimization as a Digital Design Tool. In: Topology Design Methods for Structural Optimization. Elsevier; 2017. p. 93-111. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-100916-1.00006-4. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780081009161000064.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhonov A.A., Yevdokimov P.V., Putlyayev V.I., Safronova T.V., Filippov Ya.Yu. [On architecture of osteoconductive bioceramic implants]. Materialovedenie [Materials Science]. 2018;(8):43-48. (In Russian). doi: 10.31044/1684-579Х-2018-0-8-43-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихонов А.А., Евдокимов П.В., Путляев В.И., Сафронова Т.В., Филиппов Я.Ю. О выборе архитектуры остеокондуктивных биокерамических имплантатов. Материаловедение. 2018;(8):43-48. doi: 10.31044/1684-579Х-2018-0-8-43-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Kapfer S.C., Hyde S.T., Mecke K., Arns C.H., Schröder-Turk G.E. Minimal surface scaffold designs for tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2011;32(29):6875-6882. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhonov A.A., Kukueva E.V., Evdokimov P.V., Klimashina E.S., Putlyaev V.I., Shcherbakov I.M. et al. [Synthesis of substituted octacalcium phosphate for filling composite implants based on polymer hydrogels produced by stereolithographic 3d printing] Neorganicheskie materialy [Inorganic Materials]. 2018;54(10):1123-1132. (In Russian). doi: 10.1134/s0002337x18100172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тихонов А.А., Кукуева Е.В., Евдокимов П.В., Климашина Е.С, Путляев В.И., Щербаков И.М. и др. Синтез замещенного октакальциевого фосфата для наполнения композитных имплантатов на основе полимерных гидрогелей, сформированных стереолитографической 3d-печатью. Неорганические материалы. 2018;54(10):1123-1132. doi: 10.1134/s0002337x18100172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Schindelin J., Arganda-Carreras I., Frise E., Kaynig V., Longair M., Pietzsch T. et al. Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods. 2012;9(7):676-682. doi: 10.1038/nmeth.2019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Mohiuddin O.A., Campbell B., Poche J.N., Ma M., Rogers E., Gaupp D. et al. Decellularized Adipose Tissue Hydrogel Promotes Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Mouse Femoral Defect Model. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019;7:211. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00211.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Dau M., Ganz C., Zaage F., Frerich B., Gerber T. Hydrogel-embedded nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite granules (Elastic blocks) based on a cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone as bone grafting substitute in a rat tibia model. Int J Nanomedicine. 2017;12:7393-7404.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Frasca S., Norol F., Le Visage C., Collombet J.M., Letourneur D., Holy X. et al. Calcium-phosphate ceramics and polysaccharide-based hydrogel scaffolds combined with mesenchymal stem cell differently support bone repair in rats. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2017;28(2):35. doi: 10.1007/s10856-016-5839-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Lohmann P., Willuweit A., Neffe A.T., Geisler S., Gebauer T.P., Beer S. et al. Bone regeneration induced by a 3D architectured hydrogel in a rat critical-size calvarial defect. Biomaterials. 2017;113:158-169. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.10.039.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karalkin P.A., Sergeeva N.S., Komlev V.S., Sviridova I.K., Kirsanova V.A., Akhmedova S.A. et al. [Biocompatibility and osteoplastic properties of mineral polymer composite materials based on sodium alginate, gelatin, and calcium phosphates intended for 3d-printing of the constructions for bone replacement]. Geny i kletki [Genes and Cells]. 2016;11(3):94-101. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каралкин П.А., Сергеева Н.С., Комлев В.С., Свиридова И.К., Кирсанова В.А., Ахмедова С.А. и др. Биосовместимость и остеопластические свойства минерал-полимерных композиционных материалов на основе альгината натрия, желатина и фосфатов кальция, предназначенных для 3D-печати костнозамещающих конструктов. Гены и клетки. 2016;11(3):94-101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muraev A.A., Bonartsev A.P., Gazhva Yu.V., Riabova V.M., Volkov A.V., Zharkova I.I., et al. [Development and Preclinical Studies of Orthotopic Bone Implants Based on a Hybrid Construction from Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) and Sodium Alginate]. Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine [Modern Technologies in Medicine]. 2016;8(4):42. (In Russian). doi: 10.17691/stm2016.8.4.06.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мураев А.А., Бонарцев А.П., Гажва Ю.В., Рябова В.М., Волков А.В., Жаркова И.И. и др. Разработка и доклинические исследования ортотопических костных имплантатов на основе гибридной конструкции из поли-3-оксибутирата и альгината натрия. Современные технологии в медицине. 2016;8(4):42-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Bi S., Wang P., Hu S., Li S., Pang J., Zhou Z. et al. Construction of physical-crosslink chitosan/PVA double-network hydrogel with surface mineralization for bone repair. Carbohydr Polym. 2019;224:115176. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115176.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luneva S.N., Talashova I.A., Osipova E.V., Nakoskin A.N., Emanov A.A. [Influence of the Composition of Biocomposite Materials Implanted in Perforated Metaphyseal Defects on Reparative Regeneration and Mineralization of Bone Tissue] Byulleten’ eksperimental’noi biologii i meditsiny [Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine]. 2013;156(8): 255-259. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лунева С.Н., Талашова И.А., Осипова Е.В., Накоскин А.Н., Еманов А.А. Влияние состава биокомпозиционных материалов, имплантированных в дырчатые дефекты метафиза, на репаративную регенерацию и минерализацию костной ткани. Бюллетень экспериментальой биологии и медицины. 2013;156(8):255-259.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Susin C., Lee J., Fiorini T., Koo K.T., Schüpbach P., Finger Stadler A. et al. Screening of Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials for Alveolar Augmentation Using a Rat Calvaria Critical-Size Defect Model: Bone Formation/Maturation and Biomaterials Resolution. Biomolecules. 2022;12(11):1677. doi: 10.3390/biom12111677.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Wang M., Gu Z., Li B., Zhang J., Yang L., Zheng X. et al. Bioactive Nanocomposite Microsponges for Effective Reconstruction of Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects in Rat Model. Int J Nanomedicine. 2022;17:6593-6606. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S389194.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>van der Stok J., Koolen M.K., de Maat M.P., Yavari S.A., Alblas J., Patka P. et al. Full regeneration of segmental bone defects using porous titanium implants loaded with BMP-2 containing fibrin gels. Eur Cell Mater. 2015;29:141-153; discussion 153-154. doi: 10.22203/ecm.v029a11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Ando K., Imagama S., Kobayashi K., Ito K., Tsushima M., Morozumi M. et al. Effects of a self-assembling peptide as a scaffold on bone formation in a defect. PLoS One. 2018;13(1):e0190833. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190833.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
