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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2013</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-2013</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Its Correlation With Common Secondary Risk Factors in Population from Rural Areas of South India</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространенность остеопороза в сельских районах Южной Индии и его связь с общими вторичными факторами риска</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0190-1612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ram</surname><given-names>Pothuri Rishi</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рам</surname><given-names>Потури Риши</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ram</surname><given-names>Pothuri Rishi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><email>rishiram.p@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-3460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Narayan</surname><given-names>Praveen</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нараян</surname><given-names>Правин</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Narayan</surname><given-names>Praveen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><email>dr.praveennarayan@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-9994</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Janardha</surname><given-names>Pavith</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джанардан</surname><given-names>Павит</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Janardha</surname><given-names>Pavith</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><email>pavithjanardhan2301@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-4758</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chintapalli</surname><given-names>Surya Sri Karun</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чинтапалли</surname><given-names>Сурья Шри Карун</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Chintapalli</surname><given-names>Surya Sri Karun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><email>srikarun.karun@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Санджая Ганди</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-05-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-25"><day>25</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-04-19"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2013">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2013</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background</italic></bold><bold><italic>. </italic></bold>Osteoporosis is a common metabolic disorder characterised by decreased bone mass and weakened micro-architecture of bone tissue. After 50 years of age, one in three women and one in five men experience osteoporotic fractures. This is projected to cause a yearly loss of 5.8 million healthy life years to disability. The number of patients who attend the outpatient clinic and emergency department of Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics with fragility fractures has been increasing, hence to know the prevalence of osteoporosis in the general population who were asymptomatic, we decided to conduct a study in the rural areas of south India.</p> <p><bold><italic>Aims</italic></bold><bold><italic>:</italic></bold> 1) to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis among the population above 50 years in rural areas of south India; 2) to determine the correlation between common secondary risk factors for osteoporosis like tobacco consumption, alcohol, diabetes, and hypertension.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results</italic></bold><bold><italic>. </italic></bold>The prevalence of osteoporosis in the rural population was more in females at 42.2%, whereas the males had a prevalence of 32.5%. Among the population with habits of tobacco consumption and alcohol consumption, the prevalence was 78% and 30.6% respectively. 20.2% of non-smokers and 39.7% of non-alcoholics were osteoporotic. Among the population with comorbidities, 53.6% of diabetes and 55.4% of hypertensives were osteoporotic. 33.7% of non-diabetics were osteoporotic, and 29.5% of hypertensives were osteoporotic. The correlation between osteoporosis and the individual risk factors ranged between weak negative to moderately positive (r = -0.2 to 0.5). The correlation between the combination of all the four risk factors and osteoporosis is weakly positive (r = 0.339), which is highly significant (p&lt;0.001).</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion</italic></bold><bold><italic>. </italic></bold>Overall, the findings of this study suggest that addictive habits such as tobacco and alcohol consumption may have a significant impact on bone health, with a higher prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis observed in individuals with these habits. Comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension were also found to be associated with a higher prevalence of osteoporosis. These findings emphasize the importance of early detection and prevention of addictive habits and comorbidities to reduce the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis. Furthermore, the study highlights the need for further research to fully understand the complex relationships between sociodemographic factors, addictive habits, comorbidities, and bone health.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность.</italic></bold> Остеопороз — распространенное метаболическое расстройство, характеризующееся уменьшением массы костной ткани и ослаблением микроархитектуры костей. После 50 лет каждая третья женщина и каждый пятый мужчина сталкиваются с остеопоротическими переломами. Это приводит к ежегодной потере 5,8 млн лет здоровой жизни (HLY) из-за инвалидности. Количество пациентов, обращающихся в поликлинику и отделение неотложной помощи Института травматологии и ортопедии им. Санджая Ганди с патологическими переломами, из года в год увеличивается. Чтобы определить распространенность остеопороза среди населения, не имеющего симптомов данного заболевания, мы решили провести исследование в сельских районах Южной Индии.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цели исследования:</italic></bold> 1) оценить распространенность остеопороза среди населения старше 50 лет в сельских районах Южной Индии; 2) определить связь между общими вторичными факторами риска остеопороза, такими как употребление табака и алкоголя, диабет, гипертония.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Распространенность остеопороза в сельских районах была выше у женщин и составила 42,2%, в то время как у мужчин распространенность составила 32,5%. Среди лиц, употребляющих табак и алкоголь, распространенность составила 78,0% и 30,6% соответственно. Остеопороз был выявлен у 20,2% некурящих и у 39,7% не употребляющих алкоголь. Среди лиц с сопутствующими заболеваниями остеопороз выявлен у 53,6% диабетиков и 55,4% гипертоников. Связь между остеопорозом и отдельными факторами риска колебалась от слабо отрицательной до умеренно положительной (r = -0,2 до 0,5). Связь между комбинацией всех четырех факторов риска и остеопорозом была слабо положительной (r = 0,339) и имела высокую значимость (p&lt;0,001).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Результаты данного исследования свидетельствуют о значительном влиянии вредных привычек, таких как употребление табака и алкоголя, на здоровье костей, с более высокой распространенностью остеопении и остеопороза у лиц с этими привычками. Сопутствующие заболевания, такие как диабет и гипертония, также связаны с более высокой распространенностью остеопороза. Эти свидетельствует о важности раннего выявления сопутствующих заболеваний и отказа от вредных привычек для снижения риска развития остеопении и остеопороза. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для полного понимания сложных взаимосвязей между социодемографическими факторами, привычками, сопутствующими заболеваниями и здоровьем костей.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>alcohol</kwd><kwd>tobacco consumption</kwd><kwd>diabetes</kwd><kwd>hypertension</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>остеопения</kwd><kwd>алкоголь</kwd><kwd>табакокурение</kwd><kwd>диабет</kwd><kwd>гипертония</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ralston S.H. Genetic determinants of osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17(4):475-479. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000166385.62851.92.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Srivastava M., Deal C. Osteoporosis in elderly: prevention and treatment. 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