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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2000</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-2000</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретические и экспериментальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Perifocal Soft Tissue Reactions in Response to Contaminated Implants With a Composite Antibacterial Coating: Experimental Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перифокальные реакции мягких тканей на введение контаминированных имплантатов с композиционным антибактериальным покрытием: экспериментальное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4360-7091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchuk</surname><given-names>Oleg P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савчук</surname><given-names>Олег Петрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><email>osa78@tut.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-7848</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tapalski</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тапальский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>tapalskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-8832</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinovkin</surname><given-names>Dmitry A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиновкин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>zinovkin2012@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9886-7216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Vladimir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Владимир Ивановия</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>nikolaev.52.52@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1283-8762</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yarmolenko</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ярмоленко</surname><given-names>Максим Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук</p></bio><email>simmak79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4993-0519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rogachev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рогачев</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Tech.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, член-корр. НАН Беларуси</p></bio><email>rogachev78@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Gomel State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">УО «Гомельский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Francisk Skorina Gomel State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">УО «Гомельский государственный университет им. Франциска Скорины»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Chemistry of New Materials of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт химии новых материалов Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-03"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-02-01"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023, Savchuk O., Tapalski D., Zinovkin D., Nikolaev V., Yarmolenko M., Rogachev A.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Savchuk O., Tapalski D., Zinovkin D., Nikolaev V., Yarmolenko M., Rogachev A.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2000">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/2000</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic></bold> Protection against microbial colonization of surface fixators for metal osteosynthesis can reduce the number of infectious complications.</p> <p><bold><italic>The aim of the study</italic></bold> was to experimentally assess early perifocal tissue reactions to metal implants with a composite antibacterial coating under microbial load.</p> <p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic></bold> Fragments of steel pins for osteosynthesis (diameter 1 mm) with a four-component antibacterial coating based on polylactide, polyurethane, ciprofloxacin and silver nanoparticles were contaminated by methicillin-resistant <italic>S. aureus</italic> (MRSA) 43431. They were implanted in rats within the quadriceps femoris. Contaminated uncoated pins were used as a control. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup>, 7<sup>th</sup> day after implantation. Histopathological specimens from tissue around implants were prepared. A semiquantitative assessment of reactions was performed.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> The microbial load before implantation was (1.12±0.26)×10<sup>6</sup> <italic>S. aureus</italic> cells for the control implants and (0.86±0.31)×10<sup>6</sup> cells for implants with antibacterial coating. Tissue inflammatory reactions on the second day of implantation were equally evident in the control and investigated groups. There was a significant reduction in the number of immune cells and necrotic detritus, as well as increased growth of connective tissue and neoangiogenesis in the experimental group by the 4<sup>th</sup> day. The appearance of a less pronounced well-vascularized fibrous capsule around the experimental implants was noted by the 7<sup>th</sup> day. It indicates a more favorable healing of soft tissues in comparison with the control.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion</italic></bold>. Weak morphological manifestations of tissue reactions in response to the fitting of contaminated implants with an antibacterial coating can be associated with both the direct antimicrobial effect of the coating components and the anti-inflammatory activity of silver nanoparticles and ciprofloxacin included in its composition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность.</italic></bold> Защита от микробной колонизации поверхности фиксаторов для металлоостеосинтеза способна сократить количество инфекционных осложнений.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования </italic></bold>— экспериментально оценить ранние перифокальные тканевые реакции на металлические имплантаты с композиционным антибактериальным покрытием в условиях микробной нагрузки.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы.</italic></bold> Фрагменты стальных спиц для остеосинтеза диаметром 1 мм с нанесенным четырехкомпонентным антибактериальным покрытием на основе полилактида, полиуретана, ципрофлоксацина и наночастиц серебра контаминировали культурой метициллинорезистентного <italic>S. aureus</italic> (MRSA) 43431 и имплантировали крысам в толщу четырехглавой мышцы бедра. В качестве контрольных имплантировали контаминированные спицы без покрытия. На 2-е, 4-е и 7-е сут. после имплантации животных выводили из эксперимента. Готовили патогистологические препараты тканей вокруг имплантатов. Выполняли полуколичественную оценку тканевых реакций.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Микробная нагрузка перед имплантацией составляла (1,12±0,26)×10<sup>6</sup> клеток <italic>S. aureus</italic> для контрольных имплантатов и (0,86±0,31)×10<sup>6</sup> клеток для имплантатов с антибактериальным покрытием. Тканевые реакции воспалительного характера на 2-е сут. имплантации были одинаково выражены в контрольной и экспериментальной группах. К 4-м сут. отмечено значимое снижение количества иммунных клеток и некротического детрита, а также усиление разрастания соединительной ткани и неоангиогенеза в экспериментальной группе. К 7-м сут. отмечено появление менее выраженной, хорошо васкуляризованной фиброзной капсулы вокруг экспериментальных имплантатов, что указывает на более благоприятное заживление мягких тканей в сравнении с контролем.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Слабовыраженные морфологические проявления тканевых реакций в ответ на внедрение контаминированных имплантатов с антибактериальным покрытием могут быть связаны как с прямым противомикробным действием компонентов покрытия, так и с противовоспалительной активностью входящих в его состав наночастиц серебра и ципрофлоксацина.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>implants</kwd><kwd>antibacterial coating</kwd><kwd>ciprofloxacin</kwd><kwd>silver nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>contamination</kwd><kwd>tissue reactions</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>имплантаты</kwd><kwd>антибактериальное покрытие</kwd><kwd>ципрофлоксацин</kwd><kwd>наночастицы серебра</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>контаминация</kwd><kwd>тканевые реакции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Romanò C.L., Bozhkova S.A., Artyukh V., Romanò D., Tsuchiya H., Drago L. 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