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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1995</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-1995</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Results of Revision Knee Arthroplasty With Individual Implants</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного сустава с применением индивидуальных имплантатов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-3631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыкин</surname><given-names>Андрей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dr.zykin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-9770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>Sergei A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>gerasimoff@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-1015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbatov</surname><given-names>Roman O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбатов</surname><given-names>Роман Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>gorbatov.ro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7746-4987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Illarionova</surname><given-names>Tat’yana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Илларионова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tatianaillarionov4@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-12-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-12-05"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Zykin A., Gerasimov S., Gorbatov R., Illarionova T.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Zykin A., Gerasimov S., Gorbatov R., Illarionova T.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1995">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1995</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic></bold> The presence of extensive bone defects significantly complicates the possibility of stable fixation and correct spatial positioning of the revision endoprosthesis components. The primary task of revision surgery is to restore the lost bone. The use of modern implants makes it possible to replace large metaphyseal defects of the tibia and femur, including AORI type 2B и 3 bone defects.</p> <p><bold><italic>The aim of the study</italic></bold> was to evaluate the long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with extensive bone defects (2B and 3 according to AORI) of the proximal tibia and/or distal femur using custom-made implants for revision knee arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic></bold> A retrospective clinical study was performed in 24 patients who underwent revision arthroplasty using individual implants (9 femoral and 18 tibial) made on a 3D printer in the period from 2017 to 2021. T3 defect according to AORI classification was diagnosed in 12 patients (50%), F3 defect — in 1 (4.17%), F2B — in 8 (33.3%), T2B — in 6 (25%). All patients before surgery and 3, 6, 12 months after surgery were surveyed according to the international scales VAS, KSS, WOMAC and SF-36.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results. </italic></bold>At the follow-up examination 12 months after the surgery, 9 out of 24 patients (37.5±10%) walked without additional means of support, 10 out of 24 (41.7±10%) with a cane, 4 out of 24 (16,7±8%), walkers — 1 out of 24 (4.2±10%). There were no periprosthetic fractures during surgery and in the postoperative period. When evaluating the functional state of the knee joint, an excellent result was registered in 45.8±10% and 33.3±10%; good — in 37.5±10% and 54.2±10%; satisfactory — in 16.67±8% and 12.5±7% according to the KSS and WOMAC scales, respectively. When assessed on the VAS scale, there was a positive trend in the form of statistically significant decrease in pain in all patients (p&lt;0.01).</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic></bold> The use of individual implants made using additive 3D printing technologies in revision knee arthroplasty in the presence of extensive bone defects (2B and 3 according to AORI) allows to perform an organ-preserving surgery without loss of the statodynamic function of the lower limb. This study has limitations due to the small sample size. We believe that it is promising to study the long-term results of surgical treatment of patients with extensive bone defects (2B and 3 AORI) of the proximal tibia and /or distal femur using individually manufactured implants for revision knee replacement and a comparative analysis of these results with those using conventional implants.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность.</italic></bold> Наличие обширных костных дефектов существенно осложняет возможность стабильной фиксации и корректного пространственного позиционирования ревизионных компонентов эндопротеза. Первостепенной задачей ревизионного вмешательства является восполнение объема утраченной костной ткани. Использование современных имплантатов позволяет замещать большие по объему метафизарные дефекты большеберцовой и бедренной костей, включая дефекты костной ткани AORI-типа 2B и 3.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold> — представить клинико-рентгенологические результаты оперативного лечения пациентов с обширными костными дефектами (2B и 3 по AORI) проксимального отдела большеберцовой и/или дистального отдела бедренной костей с использованием индивидуально изготовленных имплантатов для ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного сустава.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы. </italic></bold>Проведено ретроспективное исследование 24 пациентов, которым в период с 2017 по 2021 г. было выполнено ревизионное эндопротезирование с использованием индивидуальных имплантатов (9 бедренных и 18 большеберцовых), изготовленных на 3D-принтере. Дефект типа T3 по классификации AORI диагностирован у 12 больных (50%), T2B — у 6 (25%), дефект F3 — у 1 (4,17%), F2B — у 8 (33,3%). Всем пациентам до операции и через 3, 6, 12 мес. после операции выполнялось анкетирование по международным шкалам VAS, KSS, WOMAC и SF-36.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты. </italic></bold>На контрольном осмотре через 12 мес. после операции без дополнительных средств опоры передвигались 9 из 24 пациентов (37,5%), с помощью трости — 10 из 24 (41,7%), костылей — 4 из 24 (16,7%), ходунков — 1 из 24 (4,2%). Перипротезных переломов во время операции и в послеоперационном периоде не зарегистрировано. При оценке функционального состояния коленного сустава отличный результат был зарегистрирован у 45,8% и 33,3%; хороший — у 37,5% и 54,2%; удовлетворительный — у 16,67% и 12,5% по шкалам KSS и WOMAC соответственно. При оценке по шкале VAS отмечалась положительная динамика в виде статистически значимого уменьшения болевого синдрома у всех больных (<italic>р</italic>&lt;0,01).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>У всех пациентов в послеоперационном периоде произошло улучшение показателей по SF-36, KSS, WOMAC и VAS. При рентгенологическом исследовании у 23 из 24 больных отсутствовало расшатывание компонентов эндопротеза. У всех пациентов было достигнуто прецизионное соответствие имплантата костному дефекту. Использование индивидуальных имплантатов, изготовленных с помощью аддитивных технологий 3D-печати, в ревизионном эндопротезировании коленного сустава при наличии обширных дефектов костной ткани (2B и 3 по AORI) позволяет выполнить органосохранную операцию без потери статодинамической функции нижней конечности.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knee</kwd><kwd>revision arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>bone defect</kwd><kwd>individual implant</kwd><kwd>additive technologies</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd><kwd>ревизионное эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>костный дефект</kwd><kwd>индивидуальный имплантат</kwd><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>121030100312-0</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Price A.J., Alvand A., Troelsen A., Katz J.N., Hooper G., Gray A. et al. 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