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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1977</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-1977</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретические и экспериментальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Safe Arthroscopic Approaches for Epicondilitis: Topographic-Anatomical Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Безопасные артроскопические доступы к локтевому суставу при эпикондилитах: топографо-анатомическое обоснование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5706-481X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salihov</surname><given-names>Marsel R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салихов</surname><given-names>Марсель Рамильевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>virus-007-85@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1998-0400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Midaev</surname><given-names>Ali I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мидаев</surname><given-names>Али Илесович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>midaewali@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3961-1987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fomin</surname><given-names>Nikolay F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фомин</surname><given-names>Николай Федорович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>fominmed@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» Минобороны России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>148</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-27"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-10-27"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022, Midaev A., Salihov M., Fomin N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Midaev A., Salihov M., Fomin N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1977">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1977</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background. </italic></bold>Arthroscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment of elbow diseases have not yet become widespread due to the small volume of the joint, the close location to neurovascular bundles and the manipulation difficulty.</p> <p><bold><italic>The aim of the study</italic></bold> was to determine the safe zones for the minimally invasive approaches to the elbow in patients with lateral and medial epicondylitis.</p> <p><bold><italic>Methods.</italic></bold> A complex anatomical and clinical study was performed. The anatomical part was carried out on 30 non-fixed anatomical preparations of the upper limb. The features of the tendon-muscular and neurovascular structures surrounding the elbow were studied, depending on the angle of elbow flexion at three different levels: level I — 5 cm above the articular gap, level II — the articular gap, level III — the neck of the radius. In the clinical part of the study, the these structures were studied by MRI in 30 patients.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results. </italic></bold>The brachial artery at the level I is located from the bone at a distance 28.6 (28.4-28.7) mm at the elbow flexion to 90°. The radial nerve at level II is located at a distance of 15.8 (15.6-16.0) mm from the nominal medial epicondylar line (NMEL). From the NMEL the median nerve is located at a distance of 17.5 (16.6-18.1) mm, the brachial artery — 22.4 (20.5-22.8) mm. The anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament has the following average width throughout: the proximal part — 6.2±1.4 mm; the middle part — 6.5±1.5 mm; the distal part — 9.3±1.4 mm. The average area of the medial collateral ligament attachment to the medial condyle of the humerus was 45.5±9.3 mm<sup>2</sup> and has a rounded shape. The average length of the radial collateral ligament was 20.5±1.9 mm; width — 5.2±0.8 mm, the average area of its attachment to the humerus was 13.6±1.4 mm<sup>2</sup>. The average area of the extensor carpi radialis brevis on the lateral condyle of the humerus was 53.1±3.7 mm<sup>2</sup>. The average distance from the entrance of the deep branch of the radial nerve into the supinator canal to the articular gap — 28 (25.5-29.6) mm.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion.</italic></bold> The results of the study make it possible to choose the safe arthroscopic approaches to the elbow with minimal risk of damage to neurovascular structures in the treatment of patients with lateral and medial epicondylitis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность. </italic></bold>Артроскопические методики диагностики и лечения заболеваний локтевого сустава пока не приобрели широкого распространения в связи с малым объемом сустава, близким расположением сосудисто-нервных структур и сложностью манипулирования.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель исследования</italic></bold> — определение безопасных зон для формирования малоинвазивных доступов к локтевому суставу при лечении пациентов с латеральным и медиальным эпикондилитами.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы. </italic></bold>Выполнено комплексное топографо-анатомическое и клиническое исследование. Топографо-анатомическая часть проведена на 30 нефиксированных анатомических препаратах верхней конечности. Изучались особенности сухожильно-мышечных и сосудисто-нервных структур, окружающих локтевой сустав, в зависимости от угла сгибания в локтевом суставе на трех различных уровнях: I уровень — 5 см выше суставной щели, II уровень — суставная щель, III уровень — шейка лучевой кости. В клинической части исследования вышеописанные структуры изучались с помощью МРТ у 30 пациентов.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Плечевая артерия на I уровне находится на расстоянии 28,6 (28,4–28,7) мм от кости при сгибании конечности в локтевом суставе до 90º. Лучевой нерв на II уровне находится на расстоянии 15,8 (15,6–16,0) мм от условной медиальной эпикондилярной линии (УМЭЛ). Срединный нерв расположен от УМЭЛ на расстоянии 17,5 (16,6–18,1) мм, а плечевая артерия — на 22,4 (20,5–22,8) мм. Передний пучок медиальной коллатеральной связки (МКС) имеет следующие средние значения ширины: проксимальная часть — 6,2±1,4 мм; средняя часть — 6,5±1,5 мм; дистальная часть — 9,3±1,4 мм. Средняя площадь прикрепления МКС к медиальному надмыщелку плечевой кости составляет 45,5±9,3 мм<sup>2</sup> и имеет округлую форму. Средняя длина лучевой коллатеральной связки — 20,5±1,9 мм; ширина — 5,2±0,8 мм, средняя площадь ее прикрепления на плечевой кости — 13,6±1,4 мм<sup>2</sup>. Средняя площадь короткого лучевого разгибателя запястья на латеральном надмыщелке плечевой кости составляет 53,1±3,7 мм<sup>2</sup>. Среднее расстояние от входа глубокой ветви лучевого нерва в супинаторный канал до суставной щели — 28 (25,5–29,6) мм.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> В результате исследования определены наиболее безопасные артроскопические доступы к локтевому суставу с минимальным риском повреждения сосудисто-нервных структур при лечении пациентов с латеральным и медиальным эпикондилитом.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>medial epicondylitis</kwd><kwd>lateral epicondylitis</kwd><kwd>arthroscopy</kwd><kwd>supinator canal</kwd><kwd>surgical approach to the elbow joint</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>медиальный эпикондилит</kwd><kwd>латеральный эпикондилит</kwd><kwd>артроскопия</kwd><kwd>канал супинатора</kwd><kwd>хирургические доступы к локтевому суставу</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baker C.L., Murphy K.P., Gottlob C.A., Curd D.T. 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