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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1858</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-1858</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретические и экспериментальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Theoretical and experimental studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">HIERARCHIC ORGANIZATION OF THE SKELETON - A FACTOR REGULATING THE STRUCTURE OF FATIGUE INJURIES. I. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>ИЕРАРХИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ СКЕЛЕТА - ФАКТОР, РЕГЛАМЕНТИРУЮЩИЙ СТРУКТУРУ УСТАЛОСТНЫХ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЙ. ЧАСТЬ I. ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avrunin</surname><given-names>A S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аврунин</surname><given-names>А С</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена Росмедтехнологий»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhilov</surname><given-names>R M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихилов</surname><given-names>Р М</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена Росмедтехнологий»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Parshin</surname><given-names>L K</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паршин</surname><given-names>Л К</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра сопротивления материалов Санкт-петербургского государственного политехнического университета</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>B E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>Б Е</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра сопротивления материалов Санкт-петербургского государственного политехнического университета</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shoubniakov</surname><given-names>I I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубняков</surname><given-names>И И</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена Росмедтехнологий»</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена Росмедтехнологий»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кафедра сопротивления материалов Санкт-петербургского государственного политехнического университета</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2009-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">NO3 (2009)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">№3 (2009)</issue-title><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-19"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2009, Avrunin A.S., Tikhilov R.M., Parshin L.K., Melnikov B.E., Shoubniakov I.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2009, Аврунин А.С., Тихилов Р.М., Паршин Л.К., Мельников Б.Е., Шубняков И.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2009, Avrunin A., Tikhilov R., Parshin L., Melnikov B., Shoubniakov I.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2009</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avrunin A.S., Tikhilov R.M., Parshin L.K., Melnikov B.E., Shoubniakov I.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аврунин А.С., Тихилов Р.М., Паршин Л.К., Мельников Б.Е., Шубняков И.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Avrunin A., Tikhilov R., Parshin L., Melnikov B., Shoubniakov I.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1858">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1858</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Is suggested a theoretical foundation for the concept in accordance with which hierarchic organization of the skeleton should be regarded as a factor regulating the structure of fatigue injuries, taking into account the known morphological markers of fatigue destruction of osseous structures, peculiarities of hierarchic organization of the skeleton, laws of the science of materials. The authors present the history of the question, literature findings about the density of fatigue microinjuries in vivo, modern knowledge concerning the mechanisms of microinjuries marking and development of local predisposition to their formation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлено теоретическое обоснование концепции, согласно которой иерархическая организация скелета является фактором, регламентирующим структуру усталостных повреждений, учитывая известные морфологические маркеры усталостного разрушения костных структур, особенности иерархической организации скелета, законы материаловедения. В работе представлены история вопроса, данные о плотности усталостных микроповреждений in vivo, современные знания о механизмах маркировки микроповреждений и формирования локальной предрасположенности к их возникновению.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microinjuries of bone</kwd><kwd>hierarchic organization of the skeleton</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроповреждения кости</kwd><kwd>иерархия структур скелета</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аврунин, А.С. Взаимосвязь морфофункциональных сдвигов на разных уровнях иерархической организации кортикальной кости при старении / А.С. Аврунин, Л.К. Паршин, А.Б. Аболин // Морфология. - 2006. - № 3. - С. 22-29.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Адаптационная модель потери губчатой кости при старении / А.С. Аврунин, Р.М. Тихилов, Л.К. Паршин, И.И. 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