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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17837</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17837</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative characteristics of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and polyurethane polymer carriers for local delivery of polymyxin</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительная характеристика полиметилметакрилатного костного цемента и полиуретановых полимерных носителей для локальной доставки полимиксина</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2012-3115</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3039-5202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shipitsyna</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шипицына</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>ivschimik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8516-8571</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9345-8300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stogov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стогов</surname><given-names>Максим Валерьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>stogo_off@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7434-1404</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4266-8306</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shastov</surname><given-names>Alexander L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шастов</surname><given-names>Александр Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>alshastov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1006-5217</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9598-0838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kireeva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киреева</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>ea_tkachuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-4352</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1146-2236</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osipova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осипова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><email>E-V-OsipovA@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Ilizarov Medical Research Centre for Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. акад. Г.А. Илизарова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>117</fpage><lpage>126</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17837">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17837</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Bone implant-associated infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae </italic>and <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic>, represent a serious clinical problem. Local delivery of antibiotics such as polymyxin is a promising strategy for overcoming resistance and combating biofilms.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> — to investigate the elution rate of polymyxin from two different polymer matrices (polymethyl- methacrylate and a polyurethane carrier) and their antibacterial activity against <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> and <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic> strains.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>The elution rate and antibacterial activity of polymyxin incorporated into two polymeric materials were studied: one based on polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and one based on polyurethane polymers (PU). Polymyxin was added to the starting materials in two ratios — polymer : antibiotic 10 g : 0.25 g; polymer : antibiotic 10 g : 0.5 g.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The volume of polymyxin released when the materials were saturated with a polymer : polymyxin ratio of 10 g : 0.25 g was higher for the PU-based material (38.8%). When the materials were saturated with polymyxin at a polymer : polymyxin ratio of 10 g : 0.5 g, the best yield was achieved for the PMMA-based material (75.6%). Both materials provided statistically significant antibacterial activity. PMMA demonstrated a more potent initial effect, while PU had a prolonged effect. In all cases, a dose-dependent antibacterial effect was observed. Differences in release kinetics are related to the polymer structure: dense PMMA ensures rapid surface release, while porous polyurethane provides more prolonged diffusion. This determines potential clinical scenarios for their use — for rapid sanitation or long-term prophylaxis, respectively.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Polymethylmethacrylate and polyurethane materials are effective systems for the local delivery of polymyxin, providing different release profiles, which allows selecting the material based on clinical needs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Инфекции, связанные с костными имплантатами, особенно вызываемые полирезистентными <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae </italic>и <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic>, представляют серьезную клиническую проблему. Локальная доставка антибиотиков, таких как полимиксин, является перспективной стратегией преодоления резистентности и борьбы с биопленками.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить скорость элюции полимиксина из двух различных полимерных матриц (полиметилметакрилата и полиуретанового носителя) и их антибактериальную активность в отношении штаммов <italic>P. aeruginosa</italic> и <italic>K. pneumoniae</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Исследовали скорость элюции и антибактериальную активность полимиксина, включенного в два полимерных материала: костный цемент на основе полиметилметакрилата (ПММА) и полимерный носитель на основе полиуретановых полимеров (ПУ). Полимиксин вносили в исходные материалы в двух пропорциях — полимер : антибиотик 10 г : 0,25 г; полимер : антибиотик 10 г : 0,5 г.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Объем высвободившегося полимиксина при насыщении материалов в соотношении полимер : полимиксин 10 г : 0,25 г был выше из материала на основе ПУ (38,8%). В случае насыщения материалов полимиксином в соотношении полимер : полимиксин 10 г : 0,5 г лучший выход был у материала на основе ПММА (75,6%). Оба материала обеспечивали статистически значимую антибактериальную активность. ПММА демонстрировал более мощный начальный эффект, ПУ — пролонгированный. Во всех случаях выявлена дозозависимость антибактериального эффекта. Различия в кинетике высвобождения связаны со структурой полимеров: плотный ПММА обеспечивает быстрый поверхностный выброс, а пористый полиуретан — более пролонгированную диффузию. Это определяет потенциальные клинические сценарии их применения — для быстрой санации или длительной профилактики соответственно.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Полиметилметакрилатный и полиуретановый материалы являются эффективными системами для локальной доставки полимиксина, обеспечивают различные профили высвобождения, что позволяет выбирать материал в зависимости от клинических задач.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>local antibiotic therapy</kwd><kwd>polyurethane carrier</kwd><kwd>polymethylmethacrylate</kwd><kwd>bone cement</kwd><kwd>polymyxin</kwd><kwd>K. pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>P. aeruginosa</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локальная антибиотикотерапия</kwd><kwd>полиуретановый носитель</kwd><kwd>полиметилметакрилат</kwd><kwd>костный цемент</kwd><kwd>полимиксин</kwd><kwd>K. pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>P. aeruginosa</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research and preparation of the paper were carried out within the framework of the state assignment for scientific research “Development of temporary bioresorbable antibacterial carriers for the replacement of post-osteomyelitic bone defects of the lower extremities” (2024-2026)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование и подготовка публикации проведены в рамках государственного задания на осуществление научных исследований «Разработка временных биорезорбируемых антибактериальных носителей для замещения постостеомиелитических дефектов костей нижних конечностей» (2024–2026)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Петухова И.Н., Соколовский А.В., Григорьевская З.В., Багирова Н.С., Терещенко И.В., Варлан Г.В. и др. 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