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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17800</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17800</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Computer-navigated knee arthroplasty database analysis: coronal deformation, release and phenotypes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ базы данных компьютерной навигации при эндопротезировании коленного сустава: фронтальная деформация, релиз и фенотипы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-7472</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7653-7021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Semyon S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Семён Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>semen.alekseev.92@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-8926</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7695-1145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murylev</surname><given-names>Valery Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурылев</surname><given-names>Валерий Юрьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nmuril@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-0222</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2644-8963</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukovenko</surname><given-names>Grigory A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куковенко</surname><given-names>Григорий Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>gkukovenko@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0217-2434</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1022-5877</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Elizarov</surname><given-names>Pavel M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елизаров</surname><given-names>Павел Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>elizarov_07@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-0918</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9844-1389</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubkin</surname><given-names>Dmitriy O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубкин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dima.golubkin02@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3933-672X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1707-7077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Muzychenkov</surname><given-names>Aleksey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Музыченков</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>amuzychenkov@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4490-2922</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4235-1472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudnev</surname><given-names>Alexander I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руднев</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ruda310895@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Botkin Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» ДЗМ</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Botkin Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Московский многопрофильный научно-клинический центр им. С.П. Боткина» ДЗМ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-06-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>32</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17800">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17800</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The development of computer-assisted navigation technologies in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has significantly expanded the possibilities for personalized surgical treatment. Modern navigation systems not only enable highly accurate assessment of knee deformities but also facilitate the implementation of various alignment strategies tailored to individual patient anatomy. In this context, the study of different patterns of knee deformity, including phenotypes classified according to the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) system, has become increasingly relevant.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> — to determine the relationship between coronal knee deformity and flexion contracture, to evaluate deformity correction parameters, and to perform CPAK-based phenotyping using intraoperative computer navigation data in total knee arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>A retrospective single-center analysis of 941 TKAs performed with Stryker Navigation between 2008 and 2024 was conducted. Recorded parameters included coronal alignment, maximal extension and flexion, bone resection values, and calculated intraoperative angles (MPTA, LDFA, aHKA, JLO). Using a simplified model, an approximate assessment of the contribution of bone resections and soft tissue release to the correction of deformity in the frontal plane was carried out. The projection of the initial knee joint deformity data onto the CPAK classification was performed.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Varus deformity predominated (91%), consistent with global data. A low positive correlation was found between varus severity and flexion contracture (r = 0.25; p &lt; 0.001). Postoperative mechanical alignment was achieved within ±2° in most cases, confirming the high precision of navigation. The extent of medial soft-tissue release increased proportionally with deformity severity, reaching the highest values in knees with varus &gt; 15°. CPAK phenotype distribution in this cohort differed notably from published radiographic datasets, likely due to the use of intraoperative navigation-derived measurements.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> Navigation data allow quantitative evaluation of the relationship between deformity, bone resection, and soft-tissue balancing. Computer navigation remains a precise and reproducible tool for deformity correction, while its integration with robotic systems enhances the potential for personalized alignment strategies in total knee arthroplasty.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Развитие технологий компьютерной навигации при тотальном эндопротезировании коленного сустава (ТЭКС) значительно расширило возможности индивидуализации хирургического вмешательства. Современные навигационные системы позволяют не только с высокой точностью оценивать деформацию коленного сустава, но и реализовывать различные концепции выравнивания компонентов эндопротеза с учетом индивидуальной анатомии пациента. В этих условиях особую актуальность приобретает изучение вариантов деформации коленного сустава, в том числе фенотипов по классификации СPAK (Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee).</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — определить взаимосвязь фронтальной деформации коленного сустава со сгибательной контрактурой, оценить параметры коррекции деформации и провести фенотипирование по классификации CPAK на основе интраоперационных данных компьютерной навигации при тотальном эндопротезировании коленного сустава.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный одноцентровый анализ 941 операции ТЭКС, выполненной с использованием навигационной системы Stryker Navigation в 2008–2024 гг. Оценивались данные фронтальной деформации, разгибания, сгибания, величины костных опилов и рассчитанные углы (MPTA, LDFA, aHKA, JLO). По упрощенной модели проведена ориентировочная оценка вклада костных резекций и мягкотканного релиза в коррекцию деформации во фронтальной плоскости. Выполнена проекция исходных данных деформации коленного сустава на классификацию СРАК.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.<italic> </italic></bold>Преобладали пациенты с варусной деформацией (91%), что соответствует мировой статистике. Выявлена слабая положительная корреляционная связь между выраженностью варусной деформации и степенью сгибательной контрактуры (<italic>r</italic> = 0,25; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,001). Послеоперационная ось конечности в среднем находилась в пределах ±2° от механической, что подтверждает высокую точность навигации. Объем релиза мягких тканей возрастал пропорционально степени деформации, достигая максимума при варусной деформации &gt; 15°. Распределение фенотипов по CPAK отличалось от международных выборок, что, вероятно, связано с особенностями методики: нами были использованы интраоперационные навигационные расчеты, тогда как многие рассчитывают CPAK по рентгенологическим данным.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Данные компьютерной навигации позволяют количественно оценивать взаимосвязь между деформацией, состоянием мягкотканного баланса и объемом релиза. Навигация остается точным, воспроизводимым и доступным методом цифрового контроля, а ее развитие в сторону роботизированных технологий отражает эволюцию персонализированного подхода в эндопротезировании коленного сустава.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>computer navigation</kwd><kwd>CPAK classification</kwd><kwd>varus deformity</kwd><kwd>valgus deformity</kwd><kwd>soft-tissue release</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>компьютерная навигация</kwd><kwd>классификация CPAK</kwd><kwd>варусная деформация</kwd><kwd>вальгусная деформация</kwd><kwd>мягкотканный релиз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Scuderi G.R., Scott W.N., Tchejeyan G.H. The Insall legacy in total knee arthroplasty. 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