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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17759</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17759</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of conservative treatment outcomes for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in swimmers and rhythmic gymnastics athletes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение результатов консервативного лечения юношеского идиопатического сколиоза у пловцов и спортсменов художественной гимнастики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1724-4760</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9357-3700</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenistaia</surname><given-names>Marianna Ch.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенистая</surname><given-names>Марианна Чавдаровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BG">Bulgaria</country></address><email>marianna.semenistaia@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-8624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chongov</surname><given-names>Borislav</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чонгов</surname><given-names>Борислав</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BG">Bulgaria</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>borislav.chongov@nsa.bg</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5412-6202</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9574-7495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenistyy</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенистый</surname><given-names>Антон Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BG">Bulgaria</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>an.semenistyy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical University of Sofia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Софии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Prof. B. Boychev University Hospital for Orthopaedic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетская специализированная ортопедическая больница им. проф. Б. Бойчева</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vasil Levski National Sports Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальная спортивная академия Васила Левски</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Prof. B. Boychev University Hospital for Orthopaedic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетская специализированная ортопедическая больница им. проф. Б. Бойчева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical University of Sofia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский университет Софии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>111</fpage><lpage>119</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-27"><day>27</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-20"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17759">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17759</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The impact of regular sports activities and specific types of sports on the effectiveness of conservative treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) has not been sufficiently studied. Understanding this relationship is essential for personalizing programs of physiotherapeutic specific scoliosis exercises (PSSE) and preventing deformity progression.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> — to compare the results of conservative therapy for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis among rhythmic gymnasts, swimmers, and patients not engaged in regular sports activities, as well as to evaluate the influence of sport type on changes in frontal and sagittal trunk balance parameters and flexibility.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> A retrospective analysis was performed on 54 patients: 21 rhythmic gymnasts (Group 1), 11 swimmers (Group 2), and 22 non-athletic patients (Group 3, control). The groups were comparable in terms of key anthropometric and radiological parameters. All patients underwent PSSE according to the BSPTS Rigo method. TLSO bracing was used when indicated. Before and after treatment, the Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal index, angle of trunk inclination (ATI), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test) were assessed.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Significant intergroup differences were found only for the Cobb angle (H = 9.366; p = 0.007) during treatment. Post-hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in Cobb angle compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.0167). Differences between the control group and swimmers, as well as between gymnasts and swimmers, did not reach statistical significance after adjustment. No significant intergroup differences were found for other parameters (thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sagittal index, flexibility, body mass, and height). Intragroup analysis demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in Cobb angle and ATI among gymnasts, and improved flexibility in both gymnasts and the control group. Deformity progression greater than 5° occurred less frequently in athletes (3.1%) than in non-athletic patients (27.3%; p = 0.0144).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Conservative treatment based on physiotherapeutic specific scoliosis exercises is effective in all patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Rhythmic gymnasts demonstrated a more pronounced correction of frontal plane deformity and a greater reduction in trunk inclination compared with non-athletic patients. Swimming did not show advantages for correction of deformities in either the frontal (Cobb angle) or sagittal (lordosis, kyphosis) planes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Влияние регулярных занятий спортом и его вида на эффективность консервативного лечения юношеского идиопатического сколиоза (ЮИС) изучено недостаточно. Определение этой корреляции важно для персонализации программ специфических упражнений (PSSE) и профилактики прогрессирования деформации.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— сравнить результаты консервативной терапии юношеского идиопатического сколиоза у спортсменов художественной гимнастики, пловцов и пациентов, не занимающихся регулярно спортом, а также оценить влияние вида спорта на изменение фронтальных и сагиттальных параметров баланса туловища и гибкости.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведен ретроспективный анализ лечения 54 пациентов: 21 гимнастки (группа 1), 11 пловцов (группа 2) и 22 пациентов, не занимающихся регулярно спортом, (группа 3, контрольная). Группы были сопоставимы по основным антропометрическим и рентгенологическим показателям. Всем пациентам проводили PSSE по BSPTS Rigo; при наличии показаний применялся корсет TLSO. До и после лечения оценивали угол Кобба, грудной кифоз, поясничный лордоз, сагиттальный индекс, угол наклона туловища (ATI) и гибкость (sit-and-reach тест).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Значимые межгрупповые различия выявлены только в величине угла Кобба (H = 9,366; p = 0,007) в ходе лечения. Апостериорный анализ показал, что у гимнасток снижение величины угла Кобба было статистически значимо больше по сравнению с контрольной группой (p &lt; 0,0167). Различия между контрольной группой и пловцами, а также между гимнастками и пловцами не достигли статистической значимости после поправки. Для остальных параметров (грудной кифоз, поясничный лордоз, сагиттальный индекс, гибкость, масса и рост) межгрупповых различий не выявлено. Внутригрупповой анализ показал статистически значимое уменьшение угла Кобба и ATI у гимнасток, а также улучшение гибкости у гимнасток и в контрольной группе. Прогрессирование деформации более 5° у спортсменов наблюдалось реже (3,1%), чем у пациентов, не занимающихся регулярно спортом, (27,3%; p = 0,0144).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Консервативное лечение на основе PSSE эффективно у всех пациентов с юношеским идиопатическим сколиозом. У гимнасток отмечены более выраженная коррекция деформации во фронтальной плоскости и снижение угла наклона туловища по сравнению с пациентами, не занимающимися регулярно спортом. Не выявлено преимуществ плавания для коррекции деформации во фронтальной (угол Кобба) и сагиттальной плоскостях (лордоз, кифоз).</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adolescent idiopathic scoliosis</kwd><kwd>physiotherapy</kwd><kwd>bracing</kwd><kwd>PSSE (BSPTS Rigo)</kwd><kwd>rhythmic gymnastics</kwd><kwd>swimming</kwd><kwd>Cobb angle</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>юношеский идиопатический сколиоз</kwd><kwd>физиотерапия</kwd><kwd>корсетотерапия</kwd><kwd>PSSE (BSPTS Rigo)</kwd><kwd>художественная гимнастика</kwd><kwd>плавание</kwd><kwd>угол Кобба</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kuznia A.L., Hernandez A.K., Lee L.U. Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Common Questions and Answers. 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