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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17754</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17754</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Indices of systemic inflammation for predicting early infections after major joint arthroplasty</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Индексы системного воспаления в прогнозировании ранних инфекций после эндопротезирования крупных суставов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-4459</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5462-6973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимова</surname><given-names>Людмила Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borisova-80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-1888</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3727-5392</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikishanina</surname><given-names>Evgeniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Микишанина</surname><given-names>Евгения Арифжановна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><email>evaeva_84@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1560-470X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8723-9840</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikolaev</surname><given-names>Nikolay S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Николаев</surname><given-names>Николай Станиславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>nikolaevns@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5262-0197</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7759-8083</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимов</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>elyubimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-145X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1525-3912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Preobrazhenskaya</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преображенская</surname><given-names>Елена Васильевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>alenka_22@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty (Cheboksary)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования» Минздрава России (г. Чебоксары)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty (Cheboksary)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Федеральный центр травматологии, ортопедии и эндопротезирования» Минздрава России (г. Чебоксары)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Arthroplasty (Cheboksary)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17754">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17754</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Infectious complications after arthroplasty pose a serious problem for both the patient and the health facility. Therefore, their prognosis is of great clinical importance.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study </bold>— to determine the feasibility of using systemic inflammation indices (SII, SIRI, AISI) to predict the development of early periprosthetic joint infection at the stage of planning major joint arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>Methods.<italic> </italic></bold>A single-center retrospective non-randomized comparative study of cases of primary hip or knee arthroplasty (n = 6036) was conducted: Group 1 — patients without subsequent development of infection at a period of ≤ 4 weeks after surgery (n = 5843); Group 2 — with subsequent development of periprosthetic joint infection (n = 193). Threshold values of quantitative indicators (BMI, age, inflammation indices SII, SIRI, and AISI) were calculated. The contribution of variables (including categorical ones such as sex and joint) to the risk of developing early infection was determined using AI-driven machine learning based on multivariate logistic regression.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The study groups were comparable in terms of sex, BMI, and operated joints, but differed in terms of age (p = 0.0067). The values of SIRI, SII, and AISI were statistically significantly higher in Group 2. SII (with a logistic regression coefficient of 0.2108) was the most significant factor in predicting the development of infection. The obtained SII and SIRI threshold values were 498.9 and 0.8 (respectively), with an AUC of 0.55 (95% CI: 0.54-0.56). The constructed model for predicting the risk of early infection after arthroplasty based on multivariate logistic regression showed an average accuracy level of AUC = 0.62 (95% CI: 0.30-0.72), indicating a low risk of infection with a coefficient between 0.30 and 0.50, and a high risk with a coefficient between 0.51 and 0.72.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>The use of systemic inflammation indices (SII, SIRI, AISI) in a mathematical model for predicting early periprosthetic infection can help in taking necessary measures for preoperative preparation of the patient before primary arthroplasty to reduce the incidence of this infectious complication.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.<italic> </italic></bold>Развитие инфекционных осложнений после эндопротезирования — серьезная проблема как для пациента, так и для лечебного учреждения, в связи с чем их прогнозирование имеет важное клиническое значение.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— определить возможность использования индексов системного воспаления (SII, SIRI, AISI) для прогноза развития ранней перипротезной инфекции на этапе планирования эндопротезирования крупных суставов.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведено одноцентровое ретроспективное нерандомизированное сравнительное исследование случаев первичного эндопротезирования тазобедренного или коленного сустава (<italic>n</italic> = 6036): группа 1 — пациенты без последующего развития инфекции на сроке ≤ 4 нед. после операции (<italic>n</italic> = 5843); группа 2 — с последующим развитием перипротезной инфекции (<italic>n</italic> = 193). Рассчитаны пороговые значения количественных показателей (ИМТ, возраста, индексов воспаления SII, SIRI, AISI). Определен вклад признаков (в т. ч. категориальных — пол, сустав) в риск развития ранней инфекции методом машинного обучения с помощью искусственного интеллекта на основе многофакторной логистической регрессии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Группы исследования были сопоставимы по полу, ИМТ, оперированным суставам, различаясь по возрасту (<italic>p</italic> = 0,0067). Показатели индексов системного воспаления SIRI, SII, AISI у пациентов из группы 2 были статистически значимо выше. Наиболее значимым фактором в прогнозе развития инфекции является индекс SII с коэффициентом логистической регрессии 0,2108. Полученные пороговые значения SII и SIRI составляли 498,9 и 0,8 соответственно, AUC = 0,55 (95% ДИ: 0,54–0,56). Построенная модель прогноза развития ранней инфекции после эндопротезирования на основе многофакторной логистической регрессии показала средний уровень точности AUC = 0,62 (95% ДИ: 0,30–0,72), определив низкий риск инфекции при коэффициенте от 0,30 до 0,50, высокий — в пределах 0,51–0,72.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Использование индексов системного воспаления (SII, SIRI, AISI) в математической модели прогноза развития ранней перипротезной инфекции может помочь принять необходимые меры по предоперационной подготовке пациента к первичному эндопротезированию и снизить частоту ее возникновения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic inflammation indices</kwd><kwd>SIRI</kwd><kwd>SII</kwd><kwd>AISI</kwd><kwd>early infection</kwd><kwd>infection risk prediction</kwd><kwd>arthroplasty</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индексы системного воспаления</kwd><kwd>SIRI</kwd><kwd>SII</kwd><kwd>AISI</kwd><kwd>ранняя инфекция</kwd><kwd>прогноз риска инфекций</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Божкова С.А., Тихилов Р.М., Артюх В.А. 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