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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17750</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Subsidence of vertebral body replacement prostheses in spinal tumors: a systematic review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проседание протезов тел позвонков при опухолях позвоночника: систематический обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4562-8160</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3766-5993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaborovskii</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заборовский</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>n.zaborovskii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2113-3077</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8199-7620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shailieva</surname><given-names>Sheridan L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шайлиева</surname><given-names>Шеридан Ларсеновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sheri21072001@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9853-7089</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5505-2641</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Masevnin</surname><given-names>Sergei V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Масевнин</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>drmasevnin@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-0332</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7902-6380</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smekalenkov</surname><given-names>Oleg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смекалёнков</surname><given-names>Олег Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>drsmekalenkov@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9985-5636</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3819-8485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murakhovsky</surname><given-names>Vladislav S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мураховский</surname><given-names>Владислав Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drmurakhovsky@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5765-3158</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7678-6542</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ptashnikov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пташников</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>drptashnikov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУЗ «Санкт-Петербургская клиническая больница Российской академии наук»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>188</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-30"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-18"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17750">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17750</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Vertebral body replacement is one of the key surgical methods for the treatment of spinal tumors. One of its most common complications is vertebral body implant subsidence.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the review</bold> — to compare the subsidence rates of various types of vertebral body implants used in the surgical treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tumors in order to determine the optimal reconstruction methods for patients with spinal tumors.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases. Studies were included if they involved vertebral body replacement in patients aged 18 years and older with oncologic lesions, provided a clear definition of subsidence, and analyzed risk factors. Various implant types were evaluated, including expandable, mesh, 3D-printed commercial, and patient-specific prostheses.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Thirteen studies were included in the analysis (12 retrospective and 1 prospective) comprising a total of 661 patients. The highest subsidence rates were observed with titanium mesh cages, ranging from 63.8 to 71.4%. Expandable implants demonstrated more favorable outcomes, with subsidence rates from 5.3 to 35.3%. The results for 3D-printed implants were the most inconsistent, ranging from 0 to 100% across studies. The follow-up period varied from 7.4 to 101 months.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>Expandable implants demonstrate the most favorable subsidence rates in vertebral body replacement for patients with spinal tumors. The high subsidence rates of titanium mesh cages may be attributed to a mismatch between the elastic modulus of the implant and bone tissue. 3D-printed implants require further investigation to optimize their design and clinical use. An individualized approach to prosthesis selection considering risk factors is essential.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Протезирование тел позвонков является одним из ключевых методов хирургического лечения опухолевых поражений позвоночника. Одним из наиболее распространенных его осложнений является проседание протеза тела позвонка.</p> <p><bold>Цель обзора</bold> — сравнить частоту проседания различных типов протезов тел позвонков при хирургическом лечении опухолевых поражений грудного и поясничного отделов позвоночника для определения оптимальных методов реконструкции позвоночного столба у пациентов с опухолями позвоночника.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Проведен систематический обзор литературы в соответствии с рекомендациями PRISMA. Поиск осуществлялся в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar и eLIBRARY. Были включены исследования, посвященные протезированию тел позвонков при опухолевых поражениях у пациентов 18 лет и старше, с четким определением проседания и анализом факторов риска. Анализировались различные типы имплантатов: раздвижные, сетчатые, серийные и индивидуальные 3D-протезы.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>В анализ включено 13 исследований (12 ретроспективных, 1 проспективное) с участием 661 пациента. Наибольшая частота проседания зафиксирована для титановых сетчатых протезов — от 63,8 до 71,4%. Раздвижные имплантаты продемонстрировали более благоприятные результаты с частотой проседания от 5,3 до 35,3%. Результаты применения 3D-имплантатов оказались наиболее противоречивыми, варьируя от 0 до 100% в различных исследованиях. Период наблюдения составлял от 7,4 до 101 мес.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Раздвижные имплантаты демонстрируют наиболее благоприятные результаты в отношении частоты проседания при протезировании тел позвонков у пациентов с опухолями позвоночника. Высокая частота проседания титановых сетчатых протезов может быть обусловлена несоответствием модуля упругости имплантата и костной ткани. 3D-протезы требуют дальнейшего изучения для оптимизации их дизайна и клинического применения. Необходим индивидуальный подход к выбору типа протеза с учетом факторов риска.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vertebral body replacement</kwd><kwd>spinal tumors</kwd><kwd>implant subsidence</kwd><kwd>expandable implants</kwd><kwd>titanium mesh cages</kwd><kwd>3D-printed implants</kwd><kwd>spondylectomy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>протезирование тел позвонков</kwd><kwd>опухоли позвоночника</kwd><kwd>проседание имплантатов</kwd><kwd>раздвижные протезы</kwd><kwd>титановые сетчатые протезы</kwd><kwd>3D-имплантаты</kwd><kwd>спондилэктомия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Усиков ВД, Пташников ДА, Магомедов ШШ (2010) Корпор- и спондилэктомия в системе хирургического лечения опухолей позвоночника. 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