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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17740</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17740</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The spectrum of pathogens in combat wounds of the limbs: own results and retrospective analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Спектр возбудителей инфекции боевых ран конечностей: собственные результаты и ретроспективный анализ</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6146-4470</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1458-1630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shafigulin</surname><given-names>Rashid A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шафигулин</surname><given-names>Рашид Актасович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>rashid221@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9327-9324</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8318-7702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zvegintseva</surname><given-names>Albina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Звегинцева</surname><given-names>Альбина Айратовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>albina.zvegintseva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-8835</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6579-8640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhtyamov</surname><given-names>Ildar F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахтямов</surname><given-names>Ильдар Фуатович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>yalta60@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1833-9991</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9531-3600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Emelin</surname><given-names>Alexey L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емелин</surname><given-names>Алексей Львович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>travmatica@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9473-325X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mirazimov</surname><given-names>Eler B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Миразимов</surname><given-names>Элер Бахтиёр-угли</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dr.mirazimov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-143X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3574-8161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharin</surname><given-names>Nikita V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харин</surname><given-names>Никита Вячеславович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>nik1314@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-8432</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3740-4091</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valiullina</surname><given-names>Inna R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валиуллина</surname><given-names>Инна Робертовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>inna.valiulleena@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканская клиническая больница» Минздрава Республики Татарстан</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГАУЗ «Республиканская клиническая больница» Минздрава Республики Татарстан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-08"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-16"><day>16</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17740">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17740</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Infectious complications arising from combat wounds are one of the most serious problems in military medicine. Their microbiological monitoring is a necessary foundation for choosing the initial antimicrobial treatment, predictive risk stratification, optimization of surgical tactics, and implementation of local patient management protocols.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study </bold>— to explore the species composition of wound infection pathogens in combat injuries of the limbs based on the results of microbiological testing conducted in a hospital functioning during a military conflict.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>We performed a retrospective analysis of microbiological data from 249 patients with combat wounds admitted to the hospital between July 2023 and March 2025. Microorganisms were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> Among the 383 isolates, <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> dominated (30.03%), followed by <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii </italic>and <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (8.62% each). <italic>S. aureus</italic> occurred significantly more often than <italic>A. baumannii</italic> and <italic>P. aeruginosa </italic>combined. We identified 59 unique pathogens, including 13.31% relatively rare pathogens. Polymicrobial associations were found in 37.34% of patients. The proportion of Gram-positive microflora (55.1%) significantly predominated over Gram-negative microflora (43.1%).</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.<italic> </italic></bold>The obtained data confirm the statistically significant dominance of <italic>S. aureus</italic> in the structure of pathogens in infected gunshot wounds. The high frequency of polymicrobial associations and the presence of rare pathogens necessitate the use of modern diagnostic methods, combined antimicrobial therapy, and an individualized treatment approach.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Инфекционные осложнения, возникающие при боевых ранениях, представляют собой одну из наиболее серьезных проблем военной медицины. Их микробиологический мониторинг является необходимой основой для выбора стартовой антимикробной терапии, прогностической стратификации рисков, оптимизации хирургической тактики и формирования локальных протоколов ведения пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить видовой состав возбудителей раневой инфекции при боевых ранениях конечностей на основе результатов микробиологического исследования, проведенного в условиях стационара, функционирующего в период военного конфликта.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Проведен ретроспективный анализ микробиологических данных 249 пациентов с боевыми ранениями, поступивших в стационар в период с июля 2023 по март 2025 г. Идентификация микроорганизмов выполнялась методом MALDI-TOF масс-спектрометрии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.<italic> </italic></bold>Среди 383 изолятов доминировал <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic> (30,03%), за котрым следовали <italic>Acinetobacter baumannii</italic> и <italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</italic> (по 8,62%). <italic>S. aureus </italic>встречался значимо чаще, чем <italic>A. baumannii </italic>и<italic> P. aeruginosa</italic> вместе взятые. Выявлено 59 уникальных патогенов, включая 13,31% условно редких, доля которых не превышала 1% от общего числа возбудителей. Полимикробные ассоциации обнаружены у 37,34% пациентов. Доля грамположительной микрофлоры (55,1%) значимо преобладала над грамотрицательной (43,1%).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Полученные данные подтверждают статистически значимое доминирование <italic>S. aureus</italic> в структуре возбудителей раневых инфекций при огнестрельных ранениях. Высокая частота полимикробных ассоциаций и наличие редких возбудителей требуют применения современных методов диагностики, комбинированной антимикробной терапии и индивидуального подхода к лечению.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combat injuries</kwd><kwd>wound infection</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>microbial associations</kwd><kwd>microbial landscape</kwd><kwd>pathogen spectrum</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боевые ранения</kwd><kwd>раневая инфекция</kwd><kwd>Staphylococcus aureus</kwd><kwd>микробные ассоциации</kwd><kwd>микробный пейзаж</kwd><kwd>спектр возбудителей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Крюков Е.В., Головко К.П., Маркевич В.Ю., Суборова Т.Н., Носов А.М., Хугаев Л.А. и др. Характеристика антибиотикорезистентности возбудителей инфекционных осложнений у раненых. 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