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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17736</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17736</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Paprosky type 3B acetabular defects: uniform pattern or spectrum of variants?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дефекты вертлужной области типа 3B по Paprosky: типичная картина или разнообразие вариантов?</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4536-6834</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9354-1878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>Anton N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>Антон Николаевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dr.ankovalenko@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-2414</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3602-4912</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhilov</surname><given-names>Rashid M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихилов</surname><given-names>Рашид Муртузалиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding Member of the RAS</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><email>rtikhilov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-4707</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8591-6977</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhavadov</surname><given-names>Alisagib A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джавадов</surname><given-names>Алисагиб Аббасович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>alisagib.dzhavadov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0218-3106</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3531-7679</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shubnyakov</surname><given-names>Igor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шубняков</surname><given-names>Игорь Иванович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>shubnyakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6183-1367</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8871-5373</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sankin</surname><given-names>Artem V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Санкин</surname><given-names>Артём Витальевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>sankinmd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5187-4575</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6196-7562</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasiukova</surname><given-names>Anastasiia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васюкова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>henek358@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Skandinavia Clinic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника «Скандинавия»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-29"><day>29</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-06"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17736">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17736</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The aims of the study</bold> — to identify variants and combinations of acetabular structural damage in patients with Paprosky type 3B defects based on the three-dimensional reconstructions of the pelvis, as well as to determine the degree of heterogeneity among these variants within type 3B defects and the dependence of the formation of different damage variants on various factors.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>The study included 132 patients with Paprosky type 3B acetabular defects who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty. Based on the computer tomography data, three-dimensional reconstructions of the pelvis were created. Acetabular supporting structures were assessed. Each structure was evaluated according to three levels of integrity: anatomically preserved, partially preserved/lytic destruction, and complete loss of support/full defect. The heterogeneity of defect variants was assessed using the Shannon index. The association between identified defect variants and patient-related factors was evaluated using multivariate ordinal logistic regression with calculation of odds ratios for each factor.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Five main variants of acetabular damage within Paprosky type 3B defects were identified. The most common variant was the combination of a complete medial wall defect and an anterior column defect. The normalized Shannon index was 0.91 (H/Hmax), suggesting that, for the five identified variants, the heterogeneity of type 3B defects approaches the maximum possible level. A prior periprosthetic joint infection increased the odds ratios of developing a defect pattern with more extensive involvement of load-bearing structures by nearly 2.5 times, while each additional revision procedure increased the risk by 65%.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions.</bold> At least five distinct variants of acetabular load-bearing element damage within Paprosky type 3B defects can be identified. Among the five identified variants, the diversity approaches its maximal possible level. Significant factors influencing the variant of defect were a history of periprosthetic joint infection and the number of previous revision operations. Mandatory three-dimensional visualization for extensive acetabular defects gives the surgeon a more informative picture of the lost and preserved supporting elements. Mandatory three-dimensional modeling in cases of extensive acetabular defects provides the surgeon with a more informative understanding of the lost and preserved load-bearing structures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цели исследования </bold>— выделение вариантов повреждений анатомических структур вертлужной впадины и их комбинаций у пациентов с 3B типом дефектов по классификации Paprosky на основании данных трехмерной реконструкции таза, определение степени разнородности вариантов повреждений при дефектах типа 3B и зависимости формирования вариантов повреждений от различных факторов.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>В исследование были включены 132 пациента с дефектами вертлужной области типа 3B, которым было выполнено ревизионное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава. На основании компьютерной томографии выполнялась трехмерная реконструкция таза. Оценивалась сохранность опорных структур вертлужной области. Структуры вертлужной области оценивались по трем степеням целостности: анатомическая сохранность, частичная сохранность/литическое разрушение и полное отсутствие опорности/полный дефект. Анализ разнородности вариантов повреждений проводился с использованием индекса Шеннона. Взаимосвязь вариантов повреждений с различными факторами определялась при помощи многофакторной порядковой логистической регрессии с расчетом отношения шансов для каждого фактора.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Были выделены пять основных вариантов повреждений вертлужной области типа 3В по классификации Paprosky. Наиболее часто встречаемым вариантом являлась комбинация полного дефекта медиальной стенки и передней колонны. Нормализованный индекс Шеннона составил 0,91 (H/Hmax). Это означает, что при пяти представленных вариантах повреждений мы имеем дело с разнообразием, близким к максимально возможному. Наличие перипротезной инфекции в анамнезе увеличивало отношение шансов варианта повреждения с большим поражением опорных структур почти в 2,5 раза, а количество предшествующих ревизионных операций в анамнезе — на 65%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Можно выделить не менее пяти вариантов повреждений опорных элементов вертлужной области при типе дефектов 3B по классификации Paprosky. При пяти выделенных вариантах отмечается разнообразие, близкое к максимально возможному. Важными факторами, влияющими на вариант повреждения, являются перипротезная инфекция в анамнезе и количество выполненных накануне ревизионных операций. Обязательное трехмерное моделирование при обширных дефектах вертлужной области дает хирургу более информативную картину о потерянных и сохранившихся опорных элементах.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>revision total hip arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>acetabular defects</kwd><kwd>Paprosky classification</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional reconstruction</kwd><kwd>Shannon index</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревизионное эндопротезирование тазобедренного сустава</kwd><kwd>дефекты вертлужной впадины</kwd><kwd>классификация Paprosky</kwd><kwd>трехмерная реконструкция дефектов</kwd><kwd>индекс Шеннона</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Schwartz A.M., Farley K.X., Guild G.N., Bradbury T.L. Jr. Projections and Epidemiology of Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the United States to 2030. 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