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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17733</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17733</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Staged revision knee arthroplasty in patients with periprosthetic joint infection: when to stop?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Этапное реэндопротезирование коленного сустава у пациентов с перипротезной инфекцией: когда остановиться?</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9569-1566</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1243-7268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Preobrazhensky</surname><given-names>Petr M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преображенский</surname><given-names>Петр Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Pedrro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-2424</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3086-3694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhkova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божкова</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>clinpharm-rniito@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5652-6541</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4183-6094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazemirsky</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каземирский</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Alexkazemir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-01"><day>01</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17733">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17733</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>Assessing the potential risk of recurrence in patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the knee serves as the basis for determining the optimal surgical treatment strategy and may increase its effectiveness.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> was to develop and clinically validate an algorithm for staged surgical treatment of patients with periprosthetic joint infection following primary total knee arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>The retrospective part of the study was based on the data from 161 patients with PJI after total knee arthroplasty who underwent staged treatment between January 2007 and January 2017. To identify additional risk factors for recurrence, patients were divided into two comparison groups: Group 1 — patients with recurrent PJI after the first stage of treatment (n = 48); Group 2 — patients with PJI who successfully completed staged treatment without recurrence (n = 113). Subsequently, a prospective validation of the developed algorithm was performed in 100 patients with PJI after primary total knee arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>Using classification tree analysis on the retrospective dataset, we determined the weight of each risk factor, the interval thresholds characterizing the likelihood of surgical failure, and an analogous indicator for the total recurrence risk score (TRRS), which allows for the practical application of the obtained data. The resulting algorithm, based on the TRRS and additional factors, enabled the stratification of the probability of treatment failure. Among 100 patients in the prospective cohort with knee PJI after spacer implantation, infection eradication was achieved in 95 patients (effectiveness = 95.0%). Among the 5 patients with recurrent PJI, a high risk (TRRS = 4) was identified in 2 cases; one patient required knee arthrodesis, and the remaining patients successfully completed staged treatment. Overall, infection eradication was achieved in 88% of cases, while recurrence occurred in 12%.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Clinical validation of the proposed algorithm helped determine the optimal treatment strategy in controversy clinical situations, thereby improving the effectiveness of staged therapy. However, the prospective part of the study demonstrated limited predictive performance of the algorithm, indicating the need for further research, likely including a broader range of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Оценка потенциального риска рецидива у пациентов с перипротезной инфекцией (ППИ) коленного сустава служит основанием для разработки дальнейшей тактики хирургического лечения и может повысить его эффективность.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— разработать и апробировать в клинической практике алгоритм тактики этапного хирургического лечения пациентов с перипротезной инфекции после первичного эндопротезирования коленного сустава.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Ретроспективная часть исследования основана на сведениях о 161 пациенте с ППИ после эндопротезирования коленного сустава, прошедшем этапное лечение за период с января 2007 по январь 2017 г. С целью уточнения наличия дополнительных факторов риска рецидива ППИ пациентов разделили на две группы сравнения: группа 1 — пациенты с рецидивами ППИ после выполнения первого этапа лечения (48 человек); группа 2 — пациенты с ППИ, успешно прошедшие этапное лечение без рецидивов инфекции (113 человек). В ходе проспективного анализа выполнили апробацию разработанного алгоритма на 100 пациентах с ППИ после первичного эндопротезирования коленного сустава.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>На ретроспективном массиве данных при помощи метода деревьев классификации определили весомость каждого фактора риска, интервальные значения, характеризующие вероятность неудачи предстоящей операции и аналогичный показатель для суммарного балла риска рецидива (СБРР), который позволит применить на практике полученные данные. Итогом ретроспективного исследования стал алгоритм, основанный на СБРР, а также дополнительных факторах, позволяющий стратифицировать вероятность неудачного исхода. Из 100 пациентов проспективной группы с ППИ коленного сустава после имплантации спейсера эрадикация инфекции наблюдалась у 95 пациентов — эффективность 95,0%. Из 5 пациентов с рецидивом ППИ высокий риск (СБРР 4) зарегистрировали в 2 случаях, исходом в одном случае был артродез коленного сустава, остальные успешно прошли этапное лечение. Таким образом, купирование инфекции достигнуто в 88%, рецидив — в 12% случаев.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Клиническая апробация предложенного алгоритма помогла выбрать оптимальную тактику лечения в неоднозначных клинических ситуациях, что повысило эффективность этапного лечения. Однако проспективная часть исследования показала ограниченную прогностическую эффективность предложенного алгоритма, что требует проведения дальнейших исследований, по-видимому, включающих более широкий спектр клинико-лабораторных, клинических и инструментальных данных.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periprosthetic joint infection</kwd><kwd>revision total knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>ревизионное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Преображенский П.М., Божкова С.А., Каземирский А.В. Расчет индекса коморбидности как фактора риска рецидива перипротезной инфекции после установки спейсера коленного сустава. 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