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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17721</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17721</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparison of muscle strength and functional status of patients with operated and non-operated chronic total anterior cruciate ligament injury</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнение мышечной силы и функционального состояния оперированных и неоперированных пациентов с полным разрывом передней крестообразной связки</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1770-2258</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>A. Bulut</surname><given-names>Pinar</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>А. Булут</surname><given-names>Пинар</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><email>pinarda88@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7163-8234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ayyildiz</surname><given-names>Aylin</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айылдыз</surname><given-names>Айлин</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><email>aylin.mrt93@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-3558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ç. İnceoğlu</surname><given-names>Selda</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ч. Инджеоглу</surname><given-names>Сельда</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><email>seldavd@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0825-5169</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>Figen</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Йылмаз</surname><given-names>Фиген</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><email>figenyilmaz@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1466-381X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Şahinkaya</surname><given-names>Türker</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахинкая</surname><given-names>Тюркер</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><email>turkerss@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7675-9297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eren</surname><given-names>Osman T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрен</surname><given-names>Осман Т.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><email>tugruleren@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-1018</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuran</surname><given-names>Banu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куран</surname><given-names>Бану</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="TR">Turkey</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><email>banukuran@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Silivri Kolan Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Silivri Kolan Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">University of Health Sciences, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>130</fpage><lpage>142</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-30"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17721">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17721</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) plays a fundamental role in maintaining knee joint stability, primarily by preventing the forward translation of the tibia relative to the femur. The functional effects of ACL injuries can be seen in patients, irrespective of their surgical intervention.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study </bold>— to compare knee functional results, quality of life, quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths, and muscle thickness differences using ultrasonography between patients diagnosed with total anterior cruciate ligament injury who have undergone surgery and those who have not.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> Male patients aged 18 to 40 with total ACL rupture were evaluated during chronic period. The study evaluated patients’ pain levels, joint range of motion, thigh circumference measurements using the visual analog scale, and quadriceps and hamstring muscle thickness measurements using ultrasonography. Functionality was assessed using the single-leg jump test, Lysholm Knee Scale, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life Questionnaire.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The study involved 21 non-operated and 20 operated patients. The rate of rehabilitation was significantly higher in the operated group, despite no significant difference between the groups in terms of the injured side. Furthermore, the operated group exhibited a statistically significant difference in thigh circumference between the right and left sides. The evaluation conducted by USG found a significant difference in hamstring muscle thickness between the operated group and the control group. However, there was no significant difference observed between the groups in terms of knee functionality, as indicated by the Lysholm knee scale and jump tests, and flexor and extensor isokinetic muscle strengths.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries may exhibit no significant difference between knee functionality and isokinetic muscle strength evaluations, regardless of whether they have undergone surgery or not. However, the group that underwent surgery showed significant muscle loss.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Передняя крестообразная связка (ПКС) играет ключевую роль в поддержании стабильности коленного сустава, предотвращая смещение большеберцовой кости вперед относительно бедренной кости. Функциональные последствия повреждений ПКС наблюдаются у пациентов независимо от тактики их лечения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — сравнить функциональное состояние колена, качество жизни, силу четырехглавой мышцы и подколенного сухожилия, а также толщину мышц с помощью ультразвукового исследования у пациентов с тотальным разрывом передней крестообразной связки, перенесших операцию, и тех, кого лечили неоперативно.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Были обследованы пациенты мужского пола в возрасте от 18 до 40 лет с полным разрывом ПКС в хронической стадии. В ходе исследования оценивались уровень боли, амплитуда движений в суставе, измерения окружности бедра при помощи визуальной аналоговой шкалы, а также измерения толщины четырехглавой мышцы и подколенного сухожилия с помощью ультразвукового исследования. Функциональное состояние оценивалось путем проведения теста с прыжками на одной ноге, по шкале Lysholm и опроснику ACL-QoL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В исследовании приняли участие 21 пациент, пролеченный без оперативного вмешательства, и 20 пациентов, перенесших операцию. Скорость реабилитации была значительно выше в группе прооперированных пациентов, несмотря на отсутствие существенных различий между группами с точки зрения состояния поврежденной стороны. Кроме того, в группе прооперированных пациентов наблюдалась статистически значимая разница в окружности бедра между правой и левой сторонами. Результаты УЗИ позволили выявить значительную разницу в толщине мышц подколенного сухожилия между группами. Однако между группами не наблюдалось существенной разницы в функциональности колена, о чем свидетельствовали результаты шкалы Lysholm и прыжковых тестов, а также в изокинетических показателях силы мышц-сгибателей и разгибателей.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> У пациентов с повреждениями передней крестообразной связки может не наблюдаться существенной разницы между функциональным состоянием колена и изокинетическими показателями силы мышц независимо от того, подвергались они хирургическому вмешательству или нет. Однако в группе пациентов, перенесших операцию, наблюдалась значительная потеря мышечной массы.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anterior cruciate ligament injury</kwd><kwd>functionality</kwd><kwd>isokinetic muscle strength</kwd><kwd>surgery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повреждение передней крестообразной связки</kwd><kwd>функциональность</kwd><kwd>изокинетическая мышечная сила</kwd><kwd>операция</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Larwa J., Stoy C., Chafetz R.S., Boniello M., Franklin C. Stiff Landings, Core Stability, and Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Systematic Review on Documented Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Male and Female Athletes. 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