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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17612</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17612</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical Treatment of Chronic Infectious Cervicothoracic Spondylitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургическое лечение хронических инфекционных спондилитов шейно-грудного отдела позвоночника</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>Denis G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Денис Георгиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dgnaumov1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-7312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkach</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткач</surname><given-names>Сергей Геннадьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tkach2324sergei@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4127-4939</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aliev</surname><given-names>Gamzat  B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиев</surname><given-names>Гамзат Барилмагомедович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Magomedamb2@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-6461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevskiy</surname><given-names>Arkadiy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>Аркадий Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>vichnevsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-9643</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yablonskiy</surname><given-names>Petr K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яблонский</surname><given-names>Пётр Казимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>piotr_yablonskii@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН «Институт мозга человека им. Н.П. Бехтеревой» Российской академии наук Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17612">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17612</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold><italic>.</italic> Chronic infectious spondylitis of the cervicothoracic spine represents an etiologically heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by vertebral destruction within the C6–T3 region. There is no common strategy for the surgical treatment of this cohort of patients.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> was to analyze the technical features and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for chronic infectious cervicothoracic spondylitis.</p> <p><bold>Methods<italic>.</italic></bold> The cohort included 18 patients treated between 2018 and 2022. Considering the etiology, long-term outcomes were analyzed in 11 patients with chronic nonspecific spondylitis and 7 patients with tuberculous spondylitis. Clinical, radiological, and surgical parameters were assessed. Long-term results were evaluated at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.</p> <p><bold>Results<italic>. </italic></bold>Chronic infectious spondylitis in the cohort was classified according to E. Pola (2017) as types B.3 (n = 10), C.2 (n = 4), C.3 (n = 1), and C.4 (n = 3). The mean age at the time of surgery was 48 years and 3 months (range 20–71). The groups were comparable in gender, age, and degree of local sagittal balance impairment. The etiology of chronic spondylitis influenced the extent of the destructive process (p = 0.009) and the severity of vertebrogenic pain syndrome (p = 0.028). Quality-of-life analysis revealed a greater degree of social maladaptation in tuberculous spondylitis group according to the NDI (p = 0.018) and SF-12 (p = 0.002) scales. Indications for various techniques of cervicothoracic reconstruction, including isolated ventral, isolated dorsal, and combined approaches, were determined.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusions.</italic></bold> Chronic infectious spondylitis of the cervicothoracic spine is a rare and poorly studied pathology. The etiology of spondylitis affects the clinical course of the disease and the incidence of postoperative complications in the long term. Analysis of available data and evaluation of the authors’ experience allowed for the development of several tactical tools for planning surgical reconstruction, including an algorithm for selecting the surgical approach and determining the need for manubriotomy. Long-term surgical outcomes using the proposed tactical algorithm confirm its effectiveness and potential for further application.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность<italic>. </italic></bold>Хронические инфекционные спондилиты шейно-грудного отдела позвоночника представляют собой этиологически разнородную группу заболеваний с деструкцией позвонков в зоне С6–Th3. Единая стратегия хирургического лечения данной когорты пациентов отсутствует.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — изучить технические особенности и отдаленные результаты хирургического лечения хронических инфекционных спондилитов шейно-грудного отдела позвоночника.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы<italic>.</italic></bold> Когорту составили 18 пациентов (лечение с 2018 по 2022 г.). С учетом этиологии изучены отдаленные результаты операций у 11 пациентов с хроническим неспецифическим и 7 — с туберкулезным спондилитом. Оценены клинико-лучевые и операционные параметры. Отдаленные результаты изучены спустя 6 и 12 мес.</p> <p><bold>Результаты<italic>. </italic></bold>Хронические инфекционные спондилиты в когорте классифицированы как типы B.3 (<italic>n</italic> = 10), С.2 (<italic>n</italic> = 4), C.3 (<italic>n</italic> = 1) и С.4 (<italic>n</italic> = 3) по E. Pola (2017). Средний возраст на момент операции составил 48 лет 3 мес. (20–71). Группы сопоставимы по полу, возрасту и степени нарушения параметров локального сагиттального баланса. Выявлено влияние этиологии хронического спондилита на распространенность деструктивного процесса (<italic>p</italic> = 0,009), на интенсивность вертеброгенного болевого синдрома (<italic>p</italic> = 0,028). Анализ качества жизни свидетельствует о большей степени социальной дезадаптации при туберкулезном спондилите по шкале NDI (<italic>p</italic> = 0,018) и SF-12 (<italic>p</italic> = 0,002). Определены показания к различным вариантам реконструкций шейно-грудного отдела, в т.ч. изолированной вентральной, изолированной дорсальной и комбинированной.</p> <p><bold>Заключение<italic>. </italic></bold>Хронические инфекционные спондилиты шейно-грудного отдела представляют собой редкую и малоизученную патологию. Этиология спондилита оказывает влияние на клиническое течение заболевания и частоту осложнений в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде. Анализ существующей информации по рассматриваемому вопросу и оценка собственного накопленного опыта позволили предложить ряд тактических инструментов планирования хирургической реконструкции: алгоритм выбора варианта операции и траекторию хирургической доступности для определения необходимости манубриотомии. Отдаленные результаты вмешательств с применением тактического алгоритма позволяют констатировать его эффективность и перспективу дальнейшего использования.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic infectious spondylitis</kwd><kwd>cervicothoracic spine</kwd><kwd>spinal surgery complications</kwd><kwd>revision spinal surgery</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хронический инфекционный спондилит</kwd><kwd>шейно-грудной отдел позвоночника</kwd><kwd>осложнения операций на позвоночнике</kwd><kwd>ревизионные операции на позвоночнике</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Liu Y., Chen Y., Yang L., Zhou X., Wang C., Qi M. et al. The surgical treatment and related management for post-tubercular kyphotic deformity of the cervical spine or the cervico-thoracic spine. 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