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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17595</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17595</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Predictors of early aseptic loosening of prosthetic components following primary total knee arthroplasty</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Предикторы раннего асептического расшатывания компонентов эндопротеза при первичном эндопротезировании коленного сустава</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6398-9413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gurazhev</surname><given-names>Mikhail B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гуражев</surname><given-names>Михаил Борисович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Tashtagol@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-508X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lukinov</surname><given-names>Vitaliy L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукинов</surname><given-names>Виталий Леонидович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Phys.-Math.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><email>vitaliy.lukinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-7072</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baitov</surname><given-names>Vladislav S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баитов</surname><given-names>Владислав Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>VBaitov@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3886-163X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gofer</surname><given-names>Anton S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гофер</surname><given-names>Гофер Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a.hofer.ortho@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8429-282X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy  A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Евгений Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Ivanov.evgeniy90@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-7330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>Vitaliy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Виталий Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>pavlovdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9231-5891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korytkin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корыткин</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>andrey.korytkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-556X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6503950260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronskikh</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронских</surname><given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>proal_88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-08"><day>08</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-23"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17595">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17595</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background</bold><bold>.</bold> Aseptic loosening of the knee prosthesis components is one of the most common causes of revision surgery. The acceptable range of angular values for postoperative alignment of the lower limb and the frontal positioning of the prosthetic components remains a subject of debate.</p> <p><bold>The</bold><bold> </bold><bold>aim</bold><bold> </bold><bold>of</bold><bold> </bold><bold>the</bold><bold> </bold><bold>study</bold> — to identify the predictors of the early aseptic loosening of prosthetic components following primary total knee arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>Methods</bold><bold>.</bold> The study group included 31 patients with aseptic loosening of prosthetic components. The comparison group consisted of 55 patients with no signs of loosening over a follow-up period of at least 8 years. Baseline characteristics (sex, age, body mass index, and operated side) were compared, along with preoperative and postoperative angular alignment of the lower limbs, specifically, the anatomical femorotibial angle (aFTA) and the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), as well as reference angles for prosthetic component positioning.</p> <p><bold>Results</bold><bold>.</bold> Patient age over 60.5 years and BMI over 27.5 were associated with a 2.9-fold and 2.6-fold increased risk of prosthetic loosening, respectively. Preoperative varus deformity, with an HKA angle exceeding 9.5° and an aFTA over 6.5°, increased the risk of loosening by 9.6 and 23.1 times, respectively. Postoperative residual deformity exceeding 0.5° in either direction, as measured by the aFTA, increased the risk of loosening by 8.7 times. Valgus positioning of the tibial component was associated with a 2.8-fold increased risk of component loosening.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions</bold><bold>.</bold> In elderly and overweight patients with pronounced varus deformity of the lower limb, personalized preoperative planning should be prioritized to prevent early aseptic loosening of prosthetic components. In cases where postoperative residual deformity or valgus positioning of the tibial component is detected, enhanced clinical follow-up with radiographic monitoring every 6 months is recommended. If radiolucent lines progress and pain is present, early consideration of revision surgery is advisable, as it may increase the likelihood of a successful conservative revision.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Асептическое расшатывание компонентов эндопротеза коленного сустава является одной из распространенных причин выполнения ревизионного вмешательства. Допустимый диапазон угловых значений послеоперационного выравнивания оси нижней конечности и фронтального расположения компонентов эндопротеза является дискутабельным вопросом.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— определить предикторы раннего асептического расшатывания компонентов эндопротеза при первичном эндопротезировании коленного сустава.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> В исследуемую группу вошел 31 пациент с асептическим расшатыванием компонентов эндопротеза, а в группу сравнения — 55 пациентов, у которых не были выявлены признаки расшатывания на протяжении минимум 8 лет. Сравнивались исходные данные (пол, возраст, индекс массы тела, сторона операции), а также до- и послеоперационная угловая оценка оси нижних конечностей, в частности анатомический феморо-тибиальный угол (аФТУ) и бедренно-коленно-лодыжечный угол (БКЛУ), а также референтные углы установки компонентов эндопротеза.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Возраст пациентов старше 60,5 года и ИМТ больше 27,5 увеличивают риск расшатывания компонентов в 2,9 и 2,6 раза соответственно. Дооперационная варусная деформация, при которой БКЛУ превышает 9,5° а аФТУ — 6,5°, увеличивает риск расшатывания компонентов в 9,6 и 23,1 раза соответственно. Послеоперационная остаточная деформация, превышающая 0,5° по аФТУ в любом направлении, увеличивает риск расшатывания компонентов в 8,7 раза. Расположение тибиального компонента в вальгусном положении увеличивает риск расшатывания компонентов в 2,8 раза.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>У пациентов пожилого возраста с избыточным весом, имеющих выраженную варусную деформацию нижней конечности, следует избегать шаблонного предоперационного планирования и отдавать предпочтение персонализированному, более избирательному предоперационному планированию для профилактики раннего асептического расшатывания компонентов эндопротеза. В случаях выявления в послеоперационном периоде остаточной деформации и вальгусного положения тибиального компонента требуется усиленный контроль с проведением рентгенографических исследований каждые 6 мес. При прогрессировании рентгенопрозрачных линий и наличии болевого синдрома необходимо незамедлительно рассмотреть вопрос о проведении повторного хирургического вмешательства, что повышает вероятность успешного выполнения «консервативной» ревизии.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>aseptic loosening of prosthetic components</kwd><kwd>revision knee arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>lower limb alignment</kwd><kwd>preoperative planning</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>асептическое расшатывание компонентов эндопротеза</kwd><kwd>ревизионное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>ось нижних конечностей</kwd><kwd>предоперационное планирование</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Klit J., Jacobsen S., Rosenlund S., Sonne-Holm S., Troelsen A. 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