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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17575</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17575</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the Radiological Anatomy of the Proximal Femur after the Intramedullary Nailing of Trochanteric Fractures</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ рентгенологической анатомии проксимального отдела бедренной кости после интрамедуллярного остеосинтеза переломов вертельной зоны</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-1571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maiorov</surname><given-names>Boris A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майоров</surname><given-names>Борис Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>bmayorov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9951-5183</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belenkiy</surname><given-names>Igor G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беленький</surname><given-names>Игорь Григорьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>belenkiy.trauma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8898-503X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>Gennadii D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Геннадий Дмитриевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>gdsergeev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1872-639X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Endovitskiy</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ендовицкий</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bmayorov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3255-1771</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeeva</surname><given-names>Mariya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеева</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>masharik1990@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2194-8673</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isakhanyan</surname><given-names>David A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаханян</surname><given-names>Давид Аршакович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gdsergeev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Interdistrict Clinical Hospital of Vsevolozhsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ ЛО «Всеволожская клиническая межрайонная больница»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Interdistrict Clinical Hospital of Vsevolozhsk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ ЛО «Всеволожская клиническая межрайонная больница»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg I.I. Dzhanelidze Research Institute of Emergency Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУ «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-03-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>55</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-10"><day>10</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17575">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17575</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background<italic>. </italic></bold>Despite the high rate of the intramedullary osteosynthesis of proximal femur fractures, the incidence of implant-associated complications exceeds 50%. Poor reduction and incorrect implant positioning significantly increase the risk of mechanical complications and the frequency of unsatisfactory treatment outcomes.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study</bold> was to evaluate various fragment positions after the intramedullary nailing of proximal femur fractures using the developed radiological criteria for assessing the quality of reduction, and to determine the association between the quality of the restoration of the proximal femur, implant position and fracture type.</p> <p><bold>Methods<italic>.</italic></bold> In a retrospective single-center study we analyzed the primary X-rays of 108 patients with type 31A fractures. Radiological criteria were preliminarily defined. According to them, the position of the fragments and implants was considered satisfactory if the value of the neck-diaphyseal angle was more than 125°, anteversion did not exceed 20°, medial diastasis was not more than 10 mm, and there were no negative medial support, no femoral neck lengthening of more than 10 mm compared with the healthy side, and no penetration of the blade into the joint. Patients were divided into three groups according to the fracture type. We analyzed and compared the proportions of satisfactory and unsatisfactory radiological results within the groups and between them.</p> <p><bold>Results<italic>. </italic></bold>Satisfactory reduction was noted in 83 patients (76.9%) out of 108, unsatisfactory — in 25 patients (23.1%), and 16 patients (14.8%) had incorrect implant position. Patients with type 31A1 fractures were 3.5 times less likely to have an unsatisfactory reduction than patients with type 31A2 fractures (OR 3.511; 95% CI 1.202-10.261) and 6.7 times less likely to have an unsatisfactory reduction than patients with type 31A3 fractures (OR 6.714; 95% CI 1.685-26.752). The probability of incorrect implant positioning was 6 times higher in type 31A3 fractures than in type 31A1 fractures (OR 6.000; 95% CI 1.410-25.528).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion<italic>. </italic></bold>To improve the quality of surgical treatment, it is worth paying an increased attention to the quality of the achieved reduction, implant selection, technical peculiarities of the fixation of types A2 and A3 fractures, improvement of preoperative planning algorithms, as well as development of criteria for intraoperative radiological assessment of the quality of the restoration of the proximal femur anatomy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность<italic>.</italic></bold> Несмотря на распространенность интрамедуллярного остеосинтеза при переломах вертельной области бедренной кости, доля осложнений, связанных с имплантатами, превышает 50%. Некачественная репозиция и некорректное положение имплантата значительно повышают риск развития механических осложнений и частоту неудовлетворительного исхода лечения пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования<italic> </italic></bold>— оценить варианты положения отломков после фиксации вертельных переломов проксимальным бедренным стержнем на основании разработанных рентгенологических критериев оценки качества репозиции и определить зависимость качества восстановления анатомии проксимального отдела бедренной кости и положения имплантатов от типа перелома.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы<italic>. </italic></bold>В ретроспективном одноцентровом исследовании проанализированы первичные рентгенологические результаты лечения 108 пациентов с переломами типа 31А. Были сформулированы рентгенологические критерии, согласно которым положение отломков и имплантатов признавали удовлетворительным при условии величины шеечно-диафизарного угла более 125°, антеверсии — не более 20°, величины медиального диастаза — не более 10 мм, отсутствия отрицательной медиальной опоры, отсутствия удлинения шейки бедренной кости более 10 мм в сравнении со здоровой стороной, отсутствия пенетрации шеечного винта в сустав. Пациенты были разделены на три группы в зависимости от типа перелома. Мы проанализировали и сравнили доли удовлетворительных и неудовлетворительных рентгенологических результатов в группах и между группами.</p> <p><bold>Результаты<italic>.</italic></bold> Удовлетворительная репозиция отмечена у 83 пациентов (76,9%) из 108, неудовлетворительная — у 25 пациентов (23,1%), у 16 пациентов (14,8%) отмечено некорректное положение имплантатов. У пациентов с переломами типа 31A1 вероятность неудовлетворительной репозиции в 3,5 раза ниже, чем у пациентов с переломами 31A2 (ОШ 3,511; 95% ДИ 1,202–10,261), и в 6,7 раз ниже, чем при переломе типа 31A3 (ОШ 6,714; 95% ДИ 1,685–26,752). Вероятность некорректного положения имплантата в 6 раз выше при переломах типа 31A3, чем при переломах типа 31A1 (ОШ 6,000; 95% ДИ 1,410–25,528).</p> <p><bold>Заключение<italic>.</italic></bold> Для повышения качества хирургического лечения необходимо уделять повышенное внимание качеству достигнутой репозиции, выбору имплантата, техническим особенностям его установки при переломах типов A2 и A3, улучшению алгоритмов предоперационного планирования, а также детальной разработке критериев интраоперационной рентгенологической оценки качества восстановления анатомии проксимального отдела бедренной кости.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pertrochanteric fracture</kwd><kwd>proximal femoral nail</kwd><kwd>osteosynthesis complications</kwd><kwd>preoperative planning</kwd><kwd>intramedullary osteosynthesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чрезвертельный перелом</kwd><kwd>проксимальный бедренный стержень</kwd><kwd>осложнения остеосинтеза</kwd><kwd>предоперационное планирование</kwd><kwd>интрамедуллярный остеосинтез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Воронцова Т.Н., Богопольская А.С., Чёрный А.Ж., Шевченко С.Б. 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