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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17562</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Primary repair vs arthroscopic reconstruction for proximal anterior cruciate ligament tears: a comparative study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Реинсерция или аутопластика передней крестообразной связки при ее проксимальных разрывах: сравнительное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3179-9770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimov</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимов</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>gerasimoff@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-9398</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ekaterina.m.96@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4567-2612</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naida</surname><given-names>Daria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Найда</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dariaanayda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6669-0838</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolmakov</surname><given-names>Denis O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Колмаков</surname><given-names>Денис Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>doctor.kolmakov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6321-3631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыкин</surname><given-names>Андрей Анатольевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dr.zykin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-1214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramtsova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмцова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>e.v.khramtsova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Orthopaedic Research Projects”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АНО «Ортопедические исследовательские проекты»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Central Clinical Hospital “RZD-Medicine”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Orthopaedic Research Projects”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">АНО «Ортопедические исследовательские проекты»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Privolzhsky Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Приволжский исследовательский медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-11-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-04"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-08-19"><day>19</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17562">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17562</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background<italic>. </italic></bold>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is the gold standard surgical option for ACL tears. Another treatment method is primary ACL repair. The latter has some limitations such as a small range of indications — proximal tears only. However, they still constitute a significant portion of ACL injuries. Although the primary repair has been known for a long time and is still developing, recent publications show conflicting opinions regarding its application.</p> <p><bold>The aim of study<italic> </italic></bold>is to compare functional outcomes of patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and primary repair.</p> <p><bold>Methods<italic>.</italic></bold> In the period from 2020 to 2023, we conducted randomized prospective multicenter control comparative study, which enrolled 170 patients with the ACL tear types A, B, E according to the Gächter classification. The injuries were no older than 3 months. The patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 — primary repair of the ACL, Group 2 — standard technique of the ACL reconstruction with a tendon autograft. Knee function was assessed before surgery and 3, 6, 12, 24 months postoperatively using the IKDC 2000 and Lysholm Knee Score.</p> <p><bold>Results<italic>.</italic></bold> Type E of ACL injury prevailed in the sample. The most common associated injury in both cohorts was medial meniscus tear — 39.3±0.05% and 45.3±0.05% for Group1 and 2, relatively. Chondrolabral defects were observed in 15.5±0.04% of patients with primary repair, and in 10.5±0.03% of patients from the reconstruction group. Pain relief therapy in the form of opioid analgesics received 46.03±0.06% patients in Group 2 and 25.35±0.05% in Group 1 (p&lt;0.05). The proportion of patients requiring reoperation for ACL injury in Group 1 was 3.5% and 1.2% in Group 2 (p&gt;0,05). Both groups had a statistically significant increase in functional outcomes according to the scales at 3, 6, 12 months (p&lt;0.05). The difference in knee function between the groups was not statistically significant (p&gt;0.05).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion<italic>. </italic></bold>Primary ACL repair still retains a large number of limitations. It cannot and should not replace ACL reconstruction. However, with strict adherence to the indications and surgical technique, primary ACL repair demonstrates comparable functional outcomes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность<italic>.</italic></bold> Золотым стандартом восстановления передней крестообразной связки (ПКС) принято считать артроскопическую аутопластику. Иным вариантом лечения является реинсерция. Последняя имеет свои ограничения, в частности выполняется только при проксимальных разрывах, однако они составляют достаточную долю в структуре повреждений ПКС. Несмотря на то, что реинсерция известна давно и развивается с течением времени, в современных публикациях описаны противоречивые мнения о целесообразности ее применения.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — сравнить функциональные результаты лечения пациентов, перенесших артроскопическое восстановление передней крестообразной связки с помощью реинсерции и сухожильной аутопластики.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы<italic>. </italic></bold>С 2020 по 2023 г. в многоцентровое проспективное рандомизированное контролируемое сравнительное исследование было включено 170 пациентов с повреждением ПКС типов A, B, E согласно классификации Gächter и давностью травмы не более 3 мес. В первой группе пациентов выполнялась реинсерция, пациентов второй группы оперировали с применением стандартной техники аутопластики сухожильным трансплантатом. Оценка функционального состояния коленного сустава проводилась в предоперационном периоде, а также в сроки 3, 6, 12, 24 мес. после операции с помощью шкал IKDC 2000 и Lysholm Knee Score.</p> <p><bold>Результаты<italic>. </italic></bold>В общей выборке преобладал тип E повреждения ПКС. Наиболее распространенным сопутствующим повреждением смежных структур в обеих группах был разрыв внутреннего мениска — 39,3±0,05% и 45,3±0,05% соответственно. Хондральные дефекты выявлены у 15,5±0,04% в группе реинсерции и у 10,5±0,03% — в группе пластики. В группе пластики обезболивающую терапию в виде сильнодействующих препаратов получали 46,03±0,06% пациентов, в группе реинсерции — 25,35±0,05% (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,05). Доля пациентов с необходимостью повторной операции по поводу повреждения ПКС в группе реинсерции составила 3,5%, в группе пластики — 1,2%. В обеих группах выявлен статистически значимый прирост баллов по шкалам до операции и в сроки 3, 6, 12 мес. (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,05). Функциональная оценка состояния коленного сустава по шкалам в предоперационном периоде и в контрольные сроки наблюдения в группах были сопоставимы (<italic>p</italic>&gt;0,05).</p> <p><bold>Заключение<italic>. </italic></bold>Реинсерция передней крестообразной связки, являясь одним из методов стабилизации коленного сустава, на сегодняшний день сохраняет большое количество ограничений, не может и не должна заменить сухожильную аутопластику, но при четком соблюдении показаний и техники хирургии демонстрирует сравнимые функциональные результаты.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anterior cruciate ligament injury</kwd><kwd>ACL reconstruction</kwd><kwd>primary repair</kwd><kwd>arthroscopy</kwd><kwd>knee joint instability</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>повреждение передней крестообразной связки</kwd><kwd>аутопластика ПКС</kwd><kwd>реинсерция</kwd><kwd>артроскопия</kwd><kwd>нестабильность коленного сустава</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">FSBI «Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko» of the defense of the Russian Federation, Moscow</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России, г. Москва</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">PHI «Central clinical hospital «RZD-Medicine», Moscow, Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">ЧУЗ «Центральная клиническая больница «РЖД-Медицина», г. Москва, Россия</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kaarre J., Zsidai B., Narup E., Horvath A., Svantesson E., Senorski E.H. et al. Scoping Review on ACL Surgery and Registry Data. 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