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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17518</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17518</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The first step of two-stage hip revision: what affects the result?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Санирующий этап лечения пациентов с хронической перипротезной инфекцией тазобедренного сустава: от чего зависит результат?</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-2424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhkova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божкова</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>clinpharm-rniito@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1654-1536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oleinik</surname><given-names>Yuliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олейник</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>hamster715@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-6081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukh</surname><given-names>Vasily A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюх</surname><given-names>Василий Алексеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>artyukhva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-5952</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Antipov</surname><given-names>Alexander P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Антипов</surname><given-names>Александр Павлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a.p.antipov@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-1834</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropov</surname><given-names>Sergey S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопов</surname><given-names>Сергей Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>doctoropovss@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-05-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-04-01"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-13"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17518">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17518</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> The most common method of treatment of chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is considered to be a two-stage revision arthroplasty. The efficacy of this technique is largely determined by the results of infection management after the first (debridement) stage, which may depend on many factors. At the same time, the widespread tendency to reduce the duration of patients’ hospital stay brings to the forefront the problem of long wait for the results of preoperative microbiological examination.</p> <p><bold>Aims of the study: </bold>1) to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of the debridement stage of chronic periprosthetic hip joint infection in 2021 depending on the availability of preoperative microbiological examination results; 2) to determine the factors influencing the treatment outcome.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>Patients (n = 86) with chronic PJI of the hip were allocated into two groups depending on the presence or absence of results of the microbiological examination of preoperative biomaterials (aspirate and/or tissue biopsy) at the time of performing the first stage of the two-stage revision arthroplasty.</p> <p><bold>Results. </bold>The availability of final results of the microbiological examination (MBE) of joint aspirate at the time of surgery had no significant effect on the efficacy of infection management (p = 0.536; OR = 1.53, 95% CI 0.43-5.45). There was a significant reduction of the risk when the results of preoperative and intraoperative MBE coincided (p = 0.024; OR = 0.121, 95% CI 0.015-0.990). An increased risk of adverse outcome of the debridement stage of treatment was observed in the case of types 2C (p = 0.042; OR = 6.66; 95% CI 1.26-35.2) and 3B (p = 0.078; OR = 8.1, 95% CI 1.015-64.8) acetabular defects, type 3A femoral defects (p = 0.021; OR = 6.57, 95% CI 1.49-29.01), and connective tissue diseases (p = 0.062; OR = 5.25, 95% CI 1.05-26.2). The presence of microbial associations (p=0.02; OR = 6.75, 95% CI 1.36-33.44) and the presence of Gram-negative bacteria in them (p = 0.058; OR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.02-17.20) significantly worsened the treatment prognosis. As the number of patient’s risk factors increased, the probability of an unfavorable outcome increased significantly (p&lt;0.001).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion. </bold>Polymicrobial infection, presence of Gram-negative bacteria in microbial associations, connective tissue diseases, types 2C and 3B acetabular defects, type 3A femoral bone defects, and total number of risk factors in one patient had a significant negative impact on the outcome of debridement surgery. Apparently, the results of the microbiological examination of preoperatively sampled biomaterials are much more important as a diagnostic criterion for suspected periprosthetic infection than as a criterion for the drug choice for etiotropic antibacterial therapy. However, this assumption should be studied on a larger sample of patients.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Самым распространенным методом лечения хронической перипротезной инфекции (ППИ) считается двухэтапное реэндопротезирование. Эффективность данной методики во многом определяют результаты купирования инфекции после первого (санирующего) этапа, что может зависеть от множества различных факторов. При этом повсеместная тенденция к уменьшению продолжительности госпитализации профильных пациентов выводит на передний план проблему длительного ожидания результатов дооперационного микробиологического исследования.</p> <p><bold>Цели исследования: </bold>1) ретроспективно оценить эффективность санирующего этапа лечения хронической перипротезной инфекции тазобедренного сустава за 2021 г. в зависимости от наличия результатов дооперационного микробиологического исследования; 2) определить факторы, влияющие на исход лечения.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Пациенты (<italic>n</italic> = 86) с хронической ППИ тазобедренного сустава были распределены на две группы в зависимости от наличия или отсутствия результатов микробиологического исследования дооперационных биоматериалов (аспират и/или тканевой биоптат) на момент выполнения первого этапа двухэтапного ревизионного эндопрпотезирования.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Наличие окончательных результатов микробиологического исследования (МБИ) суставного аспирата на момент выполнения операции не оказывало значимого влияния на эффективность купирования инфекционного процесса (<italic>р</italic> = 0,536; ОШ = 1,53; 95% ДИ 0,43–5,45). Установлено значимое снижение риска при полном совпадении результатов МБИ до- и интраоперационных материалов (<italic>р</italic> = 0,024; ОШ = 0,121; 95% ДИ 0,015–0,990). Увеличение риска неблагоприятного исхода санирующего этапа лечения наблюдалось при наличии дефектов вертлужной впадины типов 2С (<italic>р</italic> = 0,042; ОШ = 6,66; 95% ДИ 1,26–35,2) и 3В (<italic>р</italic> = 0,078; ОШ = 8,1; 95% ДИ 1,015–64,8), дефектов бедренной кости типа 3А (<italic>р</italic> = 0,021; ОШ = 6,57; 95% ДИ 1,49–29,01), а также заболеваний соединительной ткани (<italic>р</italic> = 0,062; ОШ = 5,25; 95% ДИ 1,05–26,2). Значимо ухудшало прогноз лечения наличие микробных ассоциаций (<italic>р</italic> = 0,02; ОШ = 6,75; 95% ДИ 1,36–33,44), а также присутствие в их составе грамотрицательных Гр(-) бактерий (<italic>р</italic> = 0,058; ОШ = 4,2; 95% ДИ 1,02–17,20). С увеличением количества факторов риска у пациента значительно возрастала вероятность неблагоприятного исхода (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Значимое негативное влияние на результат санирующей операции имели полимикробная инфекция, наличие грамотрицательных бактерий в составе микробных ассоциаций, заболевания соединительной ткани, дефекты вертлужной впадины типов 2С и 3В, дефекты бедренной кости типа 3А, а также совокупное количество факторов риска у одного пациента. По-видимому, результаты микробиологического исследования дооперационно взятых биоматериалов имеют гораздо большее значение как диагностический критерий при подозрении на перипротезную инфекцию, чем как критерий выбора препаратов для этиотропной антибактериальной терапии.</p> <p>Однако это предположение должно быть исследовано на большей выборке пациентов.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic periprosthetic joint infection</kwd><kwd>PJI</kwd><kwd>microbiological examination</kwd><kwd>initial antibiotic treatment</kwd><kwd>risk factors for recurrence of PJI</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>микробиологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>стартовая антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>факторы риска рецидива перипротезной инфекции</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of RF</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kurtz S.M., Lau E.C., Son M.S., Chang E.T., Zimmerli W., Parvizi J. 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