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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17492</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17492</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Случаи из практики</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Case Reports</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Distraction of longitudinally split fragments using the Ilizarov method: a series of clinical cases of treating partial bone defects</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дистракция продольно расщепленных фрагментов по методу Илизарова: серия клинических случаев лечения частичных костных дефектов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-659X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vandenbulcke</surname><given-names>Filippo</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванденбулке</surname><given-names>Филиппо</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>filippo@vandenbulcke.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-080X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malagoli</surname><given-names>Emiliano</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаголи</surname><given-names>Эмилиано</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>emiliano.malagoli@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-3423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirienko</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириенко</surname><given-names>Александр</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>alexander@kirienko.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Humanitas Clinical and Research Center – IRCCS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Humanitas Clinical and Research Center — IRCCS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Humanitas Clinical and Research Center — IRCCS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff4"><institution>Humanitas Clinical and Research Center — IRCCS</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-08-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-09-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-21"><day>21</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17492">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17492</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The Ilizarov method is a recognized technique for treating severe skeletal injuries, allowing for a comprehensive restoration of both bone and soft tissue components. Despite the fact that bone lengthening and transport are widely known techniques, distraction of a longitudinally split fragment is still used extremely rarely.</p> <p><bold>The aim of the study </bold>is to describe a series of clinical cases involving patients operated on using this technique.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> We present a series of observations of five patients who underwent distraction of a longitudinally split fragment using the Ilizarov method between January 2006 and December 2022. Clinical information was obtained from case histories, all surgical interventions were documented. Postoperative examination was performed using radiography.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> A case series demonstrates the successful application of this technique for reconstruction of partial bone defects resulting from trauma or osteomyelitis. The study included five patients (4 men and 1 woman) who underwent surgery 4.8-34.0 months after trauma for a partial defect of the proximal tibia ranging from 4 to 8 cm in length. Distraction was performed in different directions along the sagittal and longitudinal axes. The time of external fixation ranged from 3.5 to 4.8 months, the external fixation index ranged from 0.49 to 1.22. The ASAMI (Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov) functional score at the follow-up examination was excellent in all five patients. The ASAMI bone tissue assessment showed excellent results in all patients, except for one patient with residual equinus (good result). No other complications were reported.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>The Ilizarov method provides a minimally invasive and comprehensive approach to the elimination of partial bone defects, affecting simultaneously the skeletal and soft tissue components. Due to the longitudinal splitting during fragment transport and distraction osteogenesis, this method promotes bone and tissue regeneration and helps to avoid a volumetric bone defect and more complex segmental bone transport. Moreover, the role of transverse transport of the tibial cortex increases in the treatment of peripheral arterial diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Метод Илизарова — это общепризнанный метод лечения тяжелых повреждений скелета, позволяющий комплексно восстанавливать как костные, так и мягкотканные компоненты. Несмотря на то, что удлинение и несвободная трансплантация кости (транспорт кости) являются широко известными техниками, дистракция продольно расщепленного фрагмента по-прежнему применяется крайне редко.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования </bold>— описать серию клинических случаев с участием пациентов, оперированных методом дистракции продольно расщепленного фрагмента.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Представлена серия наблюдений пяти пациентов, которым в период с января 2006 по декабрь 2022 г. была выполнена дистракция продольно расщепленного фрагмента по методу Илизарова. Клиническая информация была получена из историй болезни, все оперативные вмешательства были задокументированы. Послеоперационное обследование проводилось методом рентгенографии.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Серия случаев демонстрирует успешное применение данной методики для реконструкции ограниченных костных дефектов, возникших в результате травмы или остеомиелита. В исследование были включены пять пациентов (4 мужчины и 1 женщина), которым была выполнена операция через 4,8–34,0 мес. после травмы по поводу ограниченного дефекта проксимального отдела большеберцовой кости длиной от 4 до 8 см. Дистракция проводилась в разных направлениях вдоль сагиттальной и продольной осей. Время внешней фиксации варьировалось от 3,5 до 4,8 мес., индекс внешней фиксации — от 0,49 до 1,22. Функциональный показатель ASAMI (Association for the Study and Application of the Methods of Ilizarov) на контрольном осмотре был отличным у всех пяти пациентов. Оценка костной ткани по ASAMI показала отличные результаты у всех пациентов, за исключением одного пациента с остаточным эквинусом (хороший результат). Других осложнений не наблюдалось.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Метод Илизарова обеспечивает минимально инвазивный и комплексный подход к устранению ограниченных костных дефектов, воздействуя одновременно на костные и мягкотканные компоненты. Благодаря продольному расщеплению при транспортировке фрагмента и дистракционному остеогенезу этот метод способствует регенерации костей и мягких тканей и помогает избежать объемного костного дефекта и более сложной сегментарной транспортировки кости. Более того, возрастает роль поперечного транспорта кортикального слоя большеберцовой кости при лечении заболеваний периферических артерий.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bone defects</kwd><kwd>bone transport</kwd><kwd>Ilizarov method</kwd><kwd>osteomyelitis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>костные дефекты</kwd><kwd>несвободная трансплантация кости</kwd><kwd>транспорт кости</kwd><kwd>метод Илизарова</kwd><kwd>остеомиелит</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Mauffrey C., Barlow B.T., Smith W. Management of segmental bone defects. 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