Traumatology and Orthopedics of RussiaTraumatology and Orthopedics of RussiaТравматология и ортопедия России2311-29052542-0933Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics1748710.17816/2311-2905-17487ReviewsОбзорыReviewsReview ArticleRole of Gene Polymorphisms in the Development of Aseptic Loosening of Knee and Hip Prostheses: A ReviewРоль генных полиморфизмов в развитии асептической нестабильности эндопротезов коленных и тазобедренных суставов: обзор литературыhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-3489-3555KamenskiyAlexandr D.КаменскийАлександр Дмитриевич
Russian Federation
alexkamenskiyvm@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-0919-211XDon'kinaAlexandra I.ДонькинаАлександра Ильинична
Russian Federation
alexandradonkina@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-2591-0949ParakhinYuri V.ПарахинЮрий Вениаминович
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Med.)

канд. мед. наук

parachinyuri@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-0274-0670KovtunOlga G.КовтунОльга Григорьевна
Russian Federation
miss.olga.kovtun@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-4577ParshikovMikhail V.ПаршиковМихаил Викторович
Russian Federation

Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

parshikovmikhail@gmail.comRussian University of MedicineФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава РоссииPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииSemashko Railroad Clinical Hospital of JSC Russian RailwaysЧУЗ «Клиническая больница “РЖД-Медицина” им. Н.А. Семашко»N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of OncologyФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава РоссииRussian University of MedicineФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава России12022025120320253111441560903202402052024Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-ВекторCopyright ©; 2025,2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17487

Background. Aseptic loosening is a significant issue in the endoprosthetics of major joints of the lower limbs. In the modern view, aseptic loosening of joint prostheses is primarily caused by prolonged inflammation, which induces periprosthetic osteolysis. Various factors, such as sex, age, activity level, and others, can influence the development of periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening. Some researchers attribute to the factors gene polymorphisms related to inflammation, bone metabolism, and other processes. Understanding the connection between specific genetic markers and the development of endoprosthetic complications can provide deeper insights into the mechanisms of periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening, as well as allow for better prediction of complications in patients.

The aim of the study — based on a literature review, to identify the role of individual genetic traits in the development of periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening of joint prostheses.

Methods. The search for original studies was conducted in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY databases using the following keywords: endoprosthetics, genetics, aseptic loosening, polymorphism. Relevance to the research topic was verified by titles and abstracts of the articles, followed by analysis of the full-text versions. Papers with no access to the full text were not assessed.

Results. Polymorphisms in genes regulating inflammation, bone metabolism, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell division processes can influence the development of aseptic loosening. Among such genes are IL1B, IL6, RANK, OPG, FRZB, and others. Data from genome-wide association studies are contradictory and may suggest that genetic factors influencing aseptic loosening can differ among various populations.

Conclusions. Individual genetic traits might play a significant role in the development of periprosthetic osteolysis and aseptic loosening of joint prostheses. Although several studies have identified genetic polymorphisms that presumably influence the development of loosening, further research is needed to verify these results and assess the possibility of extrapolating the findings to other populations.

Актуальность. По современным представлениям, в основе асептической нестабильности эндопротезов суставов лежит длительно протекающее воспаление, вызывающее перипротезный остеолиз. На развитие перипротезного остеолиза и асептической нестабильности эндопротезов могут влиять различные факторы, такие как пол, возраст, уровень активности и другие. Ряд исследователей относит к таким факторам полиморфизмы генов, связанных с воспалением, костным метаболизмом и другими процессами. Понимание связи между определенными генетическими маркерами и развитием осложнений эндопротезирования может позволить глубже понять механизмы перипротезного остеолиза и асептической нестабильности, а также прогнозировать развитие осложнений у пациентов.

Цель исследования — на основе анализа литературы определить роль индивидуальных генетических особенностей пациента в развитии перипротезного остеолиза и асептической нестабильности эндопротезов суставов.

Материал и методы. Поиск оригинальных работ проводился в базах данных PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY по ключевым словам: эндопротезирование, генетика, асептическая нестабильность, полиморфизм; endoprosthetics, genetics, aseptic loosening, polymorphism. Проверка на соответствие тематике исследования выполнялась по заголовкам и резюме статей, после чего проводился анализ полнотекстовых версий. Работы, полный текст которых не был доступен, не оценивались.

Результаты. На развитие асептического расшатывания могут влиять полиморфизмы генов, регулирующих процессы воспаления, костного обмена, дифференцировки, апоптоза и деления клетки: IL1B, IL6, RANK, OPG, FRZB и другие. Данные исследований с полногеномным анализом ассоциаций противоречивы и могут свидетельствовать, что в различных популяциях генетические факторы, влияющие на асептическое расшатывание, могут отличаться.

Заключение. Индивидуальные генетические особенности пациента могут играть значимую роль в перипротезном остеолизе и асептической нестабильности эндопротезов суставов. Несмотря на то, что в ряде исследований определены генетические полиморфизмы, предположительно влияющие на развитие нестабильности, требуются дополнительные исследования для проверки полученных результатов и оценки возможности экстраполировать полученные данные на другие популяции.

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