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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17460</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-17460</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIENCE EXCHANGE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Experience exchange</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Сapabilities of Dynamic Infrared Thermography for Planning and Monitoring of Perforating Flaps</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возможности динамической инфракрасной термографии для планирования и мониторинга перфорантных лоскутов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-775X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melnikov</surname><given-names>Viktor S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мельников</surname><given-names>Виктор Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>melnikovmd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5407-0432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrov</surname><given-names>Vadim E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубров</surname><given-names>Вадим Эрикович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vduort@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-9594</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelyanin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зелянин</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>microsurgery@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-7286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babaeva</surname><given-names>Julia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабаева</surname><given-names>Юлия Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>juliybelova@yandex.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6441-100X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkovskaya</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашковская</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pashkovskaya.an@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3253-0765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhalyalov</surname><given-names>Ilyas S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жалялов</surname><given-names>Ильяс Сайярович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>bratil8@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Clinical Hospital named after S.S. Yudin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина ДЗМ»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow City Clinical Hospital named after S.S. Yudin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина ДЗМ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>109</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-12"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-07"><day>07</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17460">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/17460</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.<italic> </italic></bold>Free perforating flaps are the most optimal for reconstruction of both upper and lower extremities. However, along with the obvious advantages of these flaps, there are also a number of difficulties associated with their more complex vascular anatomy and, as a consequence, more time-consuming dissection. This determines the need for a more thorough preoperative planning, including the mapping of perforating vessels and development of flap design. At the same time, the problems with intraoperative assessment of perfusion of perforating flaps and their monitoring in the postoperative period have not been solved. For these purposes, several instrumental methods of examination such as MRI and CT angiography, Doppler sonography, ICG and dynamic infrared thermography are used.</p> <p><bold>Aim of the study<italic> </italic></bold>— to evaluate the capabilities of dynamic infrared thermography (DIT) for mapping of perforating vessels when planning the design of perforating flaps, as well as for assessing their intra- and postoperative perfusion.</p> <p><bold>Methods.<italic> </italic></bold>We have analyzed the results of using DIT along with CT-angiography and Doppler sonography for preliminary mapping of perforating vessels in the design of 18 perforating flaps (ALT flap — 10, SCIP flap — 8) transplanted in 15 patients from 01.01.2022 to 30.07.2022. DIT was also used in all cases for intraoperative instrumental confirmation of flap perfusion and for its monitoring in the postoperative period.</p> <p><bold>Results.<italic> </italic></bold>A total of 39 perforating vessels were detected by CT angiography at the point of origin from the main arteries. DIT was used to detect the distal portions of 37 perforating vessels in 15 patients at the marking of 18 flaps. On average, 2.5 per ALT flap and 1.4 per SCIP flap. Thermographic examination time was approximately 10 minutes. Localization of all perforating vessels detected by DIT were first confirmed by Doppler sonography and then visualized intraoperatively during flap dissection. Intraoperatively, perfusion of all transplanted flaps was clearly confirmed by DIT. In the postoperative period, perfusion problems were clinically detected in 3 (16%) flaps and confirmed by DIT: venous stasis — 2 cases, arterial insufficiency — 1 case. In two patients (13%) with a body mass index of more than 35 (corresponding to class 2–3 obesity), the location of perforating vessels could not be determined by thermography and Doppler sonography. Also, in these patients DIT was ineffective for confirmation of flap perfusion intraoperatively and in the postoperative period.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.<italic> </italic></bold>This study confirms that CT angiography, Doppler sonography and infrared thermography are complementary methods that allow to detect and visualize perforating arteries from their origin from a main artery to the site of their passage through the deep fascia (CT-angiography), as well as to determine their more accurate projection on the skin surface (DIT and Doppler sonography). DIT is also an auxiliary method for flap monitoring in the intraoperative and postoperative periods, which allows to engage nursing staff in postoperative monitoring.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.<italic> </italic></bold>Свободные перфорантные лоскуты считаются наиболее оптимальными для реконструкции конечностей. Однако, наряду с очевидными преимуществами этих лоскутов, существует ряд трудностей, связанных со сложной сосудистой анатомией и трудоемкой диссекцией. Это обуславливает необходимость тщательной предоперационной подготовки, включающей картирование перфорантных сосудов и разработку дизайна лоскута. Наряду с этим не решены проблемы с интраоперационной оценкой перфузии перфорантных лоскутов и их мониторингом в послеоперационном периоде. Для этого используется ряд инструментальных методов обследования, таких как МРТ и КТ-ангиография, доплерография, ICG и динамическая инфракрасная термография (ДИТ).</p> <p><bold>Цель<italic> </italic></bold>— оценить возможности динамической инфракрасной термографии для картирования перфорантных сосудов при планировании дизайна перфорантных лоскутов, а также для определения их интра- и послеоперационной перфузии.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.<italic> </italic></bold>Проведен анализ результатов использования ДИТ, КТ-ангиографии и звуковой доплерографии для предварительного картирования перфорантных сосудов при разработке дизайна 18 перфорантных лоскутов (ALT — 10, SCIP — 8) пересаженных 15 пациентам с 01.01.2022 по 30.07.2022. Также ДИТ использовалась во всех случаях для инструментального подтверждения перфузии лоскутов интраоперационно и для их мониторинга в послеоперационном периоде.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В общей сложности при помощи КТ-ангиографии были идентифицированы 39 перфорантных сосудов. С использованием ДИТ были обнаружены дистальные отделы 37 перфорантных сосудов у 15 пациентов при разметке 18 лоскутов, в среднем 2,5 на каждый лоскут ALT и 1,4 — на каждый лоскут SCIP. Время термографического исследования составляло около 10 мин. Во время операции перфузия всех пересаженных лоскутов была подтверждена при помощи ДИТ. В послеоперационном периоде в 3 (16%) лоскутах были клинически выявлены и подтверждены при помощи ДИТ проблемы с перфузией. У двух (13%) пациентов с ИМТ более 35 не удалось определить расположение перфорантных сосудов при помощи термографии и звуковой доплерографии. У этих пациентов ДИТ была неинформативна для подтверждения перфузии лоскутов интраоперационно и в послеоперационном периоде.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.<italic> </italic></bold>КТ-ангиография, звуковая доплерография и динамическая инфракрасная термография являются взаимодополняющими методами обнаружения и визуализации перфорантных артерий. Динамическая инфракрасная термография является также вспомогательным методом для мониторинга лоскутов в интра- и послеоперационном периодах.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dynamic infrared thermography</kwd><kwd>CT angiography</kwd><kwd>perforant flaps</kwd><kwd>microsurgical limbs reconstructive</kwd><kwd>Doppler sonography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>динамическая инфракрасная термография</kwd><kwd>КТ-ангиография</kwd><kwd>звуковая доплерография</kwd><kwd>перфорантный лоскут</kwd><kwd>микрохирургическая реконструкция конечностей</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Taylor G.I., Palmer J.H. The vascular territories (angiosomes) of the body. Br J Plast Surg. 1987;40:113141.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Koshima I., Soeda S. 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