<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1717</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-1717</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Protein-Energy Malnutrition as a Predictor of Early Recurrent Revisions After Debridement Surgery in Patients With Difficult-to-Treat Periprosthetic Infection</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Белково-энергетическая недостаточность как предиктор ранних повторных ревизий после санирующих операций у пациентов с трудноизлечимой перипротезной инфекцией</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-2424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhkova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божкова</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Research Department of Prevention and Treatment of Wound Infection and Department of Clinical Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующая научным отделением профилактики и лечения раневой инфекции и отделением клинической фармакологии, профессор кафедры травматологии и ортопедии</p></bio><email>clinpharm-rniito@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8748-2134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Liventsov</surname><given-names>Vitaly N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ливенцов</surname><given-names>Виталий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Deputy Chief Medical Officer, orthopedic surgeon department of Purulent Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заместитель главного врача по медицинской части, врач-травматолог-ортопед отделения гнойной хирургии № 4</p></bio><email>vnliventsov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-2414</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhilov</surname><given-names>Rashid M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихилов</surname><given-names>Рашид Муртузалиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, профессор, директор</p></bio><email>rtikhilov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6726-0593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romano</surname><given-names>Carlo L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романо</surname><given-names>Карло Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IT">Italy</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, Professor, Orthopaedic Surgeon Consultant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицины, профессор</p></bio><email>info@carlolucaromano.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-7120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kochish</surname><given-names>Aleksandr Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кочиш</surname><given-names>Александр Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Deputy Director for Science and education, Department of operative Surgery and Topographic anatomy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной и учебной работе, профессор кафедры оперативной хирургии с топографической анатомией</p></bio><email>auk1959@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4405-7688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Labutin</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабутин</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Assistant, Research Department of Prevention and Treatment of Wound Infection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник научного отделения профилактики и лечения раневой инфекции</p></bio><email>mailbox@dlabutin.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-6081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Artyukh</surname><given-names>Vasily A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Артюх</surname><given-names>Василий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), head of department of Purulent Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделением гнойной хирургии</p></bio><email>artyukhva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Clinica San Gaudenzio</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника Сан-Гауденцио</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБВОУ ВО «Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова» МО России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-02-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-12-19"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-01-31"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Bozhkova S.A., Liventsov V.N., Tikhilov R.M., Romano C.L., Kochish A.Y., Labutin D.V., Artyukh V.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Божкова С.А., Ливенцов В.Н., Тихилов Р.М., Романо К.Л., Кочиш А.Ю., Лабутин Д.В., Артюх В.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bozhkova S.A., Liventsov V.N., Tikhilov R.M., Romano C.L., Kochish A.Y., Labutin D.V., Artyukh V.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Божкова С.А., Ливенцов В.Н., Тихилов Р.М., Романо К.Л., Кочиш А.Ю., Лабутин Д.В., Артюх В.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1717">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1717</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic></bold> Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is an established risk factor of postoperative complications in orthopedic disorders, including arthroplasty of the large joints.</p> <p><bold><italic>The study aimed </italic></bold>to evaluate PEM prevalence and its association with the early postoperative revision in patients with the difficult-to-treat (DTT) prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip.</p> <p><bold><italic>Methods. </italic></bold>The retrospective study included 132 patients with chronic DTT PJI of the hip. The patients underwent orthopedic implant removal, radical debridement of the infected tissues, and resection arthroplasty with non-free transplantation of an axial vastus lateralis muscle flap (n = 57) or installation of an antimicrobial spacer (n = 75). DTT PJI was defined as an infection caused by rifampicin-resistant staphylococcal strains, ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria, fungi of the genus Candida, and their associations. The assessment of the patient’s protein-energy status included the evaluation of reference laboratory parameters, such as levels of hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin and number of lymphocytes. The degree of PEM was determined by the number of laboratory markers below the threshold values. The statistical comparison was performed using Fisher’s test. The odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) was calculated to assess the risk of PJI recurrence. Differences were considered significant at p&lt;0.05.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results. </italic></bold>More than 70% of patients with chronic DTT PJI included in the study were diagnosed with preoperative PEM of varying degrees of severity. Hypoalbuminemia and decreased hemoglobin levels were diagnosed more often: 64.3% and 57.1% in the muscle flap plasty and 57.3% and 31.1% in the antimicrobial spacer group, respectively. In muscle plasty and antimicrobial spacer groups, a decrease in the values of three or more reference PEM markers was detected in 28.5% and 16.0% of patients, and this advanced impairment of the nutritional status increased the risk of early revision intervention by two (OR 2.0; CI 95% 0.47–8.56; p = 0.35) and six times (OR 6.11; 95% CI 1.06–35.35; p&lt;0.04), respectively.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold>In general, the analysis of publications and results of our study show that PEM is associated with the development of surgical site infection and recurrence of PJI after revision surgery. A decrease in the values of three or more reference PEM markers is a significant predictor of repeated revisions after debridement surgery with the installation of an antimicrobial spacer. PEM complicates the postoperative course in patients with resection arthroplasty. Given the high incidence of PEM in patients with DTT PJI of the hip joint, further research is needed to develop methods for nutritional status correction and assessment of their effect on the outcomes of debridement surgery.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Введение. </italic></bold>Белково-энергетическая недостаточность (БЭН) является доказанным фактором риска развития послеоперационных осложнений у ортопедических больных, в том числе и после эндопротезирования крупных суставов.</p> <p><bold><italic>Целью</italic></bold> исследования была оценка частоты встречаемости БЭН и ее влияния на необходимость выполнения ревизионного вмешательства в раннем послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с трудноизлечимой (ТИ) перипротезной инфекцией (ППИ) тазобедренного сустава.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы.</italic></bold> В ретроспективное исследование включено 132 пациента с хронической ТИ ППИ тазобедренного сустава, которым были выполнены удаление ортопедического имплантата, радикальная хирургическая обработка очага инфекции и резекционная артропластика с несвободной пересадкой осевого мышечного лоскута из <italic>m. vastus lateralis</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 57) или установка антимикробного спейсера (<italic>n</italic> = 75). К ТИ ППИ относили инфекцию, обусловленную рифампицин-резистентными штаммами стафилококков, ципрофлоксацин-резистентными штаммами грамотрицательных бактерий, грибами рода<italic> Candida,</italic> а также их ассоциациями. Оценка белково-энергетического статуса пациента включала определение опорных лабораторных показателей: уровней гемоглобина, общего белка, альбумина и количество лимфоцитов. Степень БЭН определяли по количеству лабораторных маркеров ниже пороговых значений. Сопоставление относительных показателей сравнения выполняли с применением критерия Фишера. Для оценки влияния БЭН на развитие рецидива рассчитывали отношение шансов (ОШ, 95% ДИ). Различия принимали за достоверные при <italic>p</italic>&lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты. </italic></bold>Более чем у 70٪ больных с хронической ТИ ППИ, включенных в исследование, до операции была диагностирована БЭН различной степени тяжести. Чаще диагностировали гипоальбуминемию и снижение уровня гемоглобина: соответственно 64,3% и 57,1% в группе мышечной пластики и 57,3% и 31,1% в группе антимикробного спейсера. В группах мышечной пластики и антимикробного спейсера дефицит трех и более опорных показателей БЭН был выявлен соответственно у 28,5% и 16,0% пациентов, при этом наличие таких выраженных нарушений нутриционного статуса увеличивало риск раннего ревизионного вмешательства в 2 раза (ОШ = 2,0; ДИ 95% 0,47–8,56; <italic>p</italic> = 0,35) и в 6 раз (ОШ = 6,11; ДИ 95% 1,06-35,35; <italic>p</italic>&lt;0,04).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Анализ научных публикаций и результаты нашего исследования показывают, что БЭН связана с развитием ИОХВ и рецидивом ППИ после ревизионных операций. Снижение трех и более опорных показателей БЭН является значимым предиктором повторных ревизий после санирующих операций с установкой антимикробного спейсера, а также ухудшает течение раннего послеоперационного периода у пациентов с резекционной артропластикой. С учетом высокой частоты встречаемости БЭН различной степени тяжести у пациентов с ТИ ППИ тазобедренного сустава необходимы дальнейшие исследования по разработке методов коррекции нутриционного статуса и оценке их влияния на исходы санирующих операций.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>difficult-to-treat infection</kwd><kwd>prosthetic joint infection</kwd><kwd>protein-energy malnutrition</kwd><kwd>hip resection arthroplasty</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трудноизлечимая инфекция</kwd><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>белково-энергетическая недостаточность</kwd><kwd>резекционная артропластика</kwd><kwd>тазобедренный сустав</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>121041300195-3</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wimmer M.D., Hischebeth G.T.R., Randau T.M., Gathen M., Schildberg F.A., Fröschen F.S. et al. Difficult-to-treat pathogens significantly reduce infection resolution in periprosthetic joint infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;98(2):115114. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115114.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Giulieri S.G., Graber P., Ochsner P.E., Zimmerli W. Management of Infection Associated with Total Hip Arthroplasty according to a Treatment Algorithm. Infection. 2004;32(4):222-228. doi: 10.1007/s15010-004-4020-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Винклер Т., Трампуш А., Ренц Н., Перка К., Божкова С.А. Классификация и алгоритм диагностики и лечения перипротезной инфекции тазобедренного сустава. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2016;(1):33-45. doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2016-0-1-33-45. Winkler T., Trampuz A., Renz N., Perka C., Bozhkova S.A. Classification and algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of hip prosthetic joint infection. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia]. 2016;22(1):33-45. (In Russian). doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2016-0-1-33-45.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Suda A.J., Heppert V. Vastus lateralis muscle flap for infected hips after resection arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010;92(12):1654-1658. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.92B12.25212.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ливенцов В.Н., Божкова С.А., Кочиш А.Ю, Артюх В.А., Разоренов В.Л., Лабутин Д.В. Трудноизлечимая ППИ тазобедренного сустава: результаты санирующих операций. Травматология и ортопедия России. 2019; 25(4):88-97. doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-4-88-97. Liventsov V.N., Bozhkova S.A., Kochish A.Y., Artyukh V.A., Razorenov V.L., Labutin D.V. Difficult- To-Treat Periprosthetic Hip Infection: Outcomes of Debridment. Travmatologiya i ortopediya Rossii [Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia]. 2019;25(4):88-97. (In Russian). doi: 10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-4-88-97.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Choa R., Gundle R., Critchley P., Giele H. Successful management of recalcitrant infection related to total hip replacement using pedicled rectus femoris or vastus lateralis muscle flaps. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(6):751-754. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.93B6.25726.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Jensen G.L., Bistrian B., Roubenoff R., Heimburger D.C. Malnutrition Syndromes: A Conundrum vs Continuum. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2009;33(6):710-716. doi: 10.1177/0148607109344724.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Jensen G.L., Mirtallo J., Compher C., Dhaliwal R., Forbes A., Figueredo GrijalbaR. et al. Adult starvation and disease-related malnutrition: A proposal for etiology-based diagnosis in the clinical practice setting from the International Consensus Guideline Committee. Clin Nutr. 2010;29(2):151-153. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.11.010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Walls J.D., Abraham D., Nelson C.L., Kamath A.F., Elkassabany N.M., Liu J. Hypoalbuminemia More Than Morbid Obesity is an Independent Predictor of Complications After Total Hip Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2015;30(12):2290-2295. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.06.003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Bohl D.D., Shen M.R., Kayupov E., Cvetanovich G.L., Della Valle C.J. Is Hypoalbuminemia Associated With Septic Failure and Acute Infection After Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty? A Study of 4517 Patients From the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(5):963-967. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2015.11.025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Adogwa O., Martin J.R., Huang K., Verla T., Fatemi P., Thompson P. et al. Preoperative Serum Albumin Level as a Predictor of Postoperative Complication After Spine Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(18): 1513-1519. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000450.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Yu P.-J., Cassiere H.A., Dellis S.L,. Manetta F., Kohn N., Hartman A.R. Impact of Preoperative Prealbumin on Outcomes After Cardiac Surgery. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2015;39(7):870-874. doi: 10.1177/0148607114536735.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Rai J., Gill S.S., Kumar B.R.J.S. The influence of preoperative nutritional status in wound healing after replacement arthroplasty. Orthopedics. 2002;25(4):417-421.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Schwarzkopf R., Russell T.A., Shea M., Slover J.D. Correlation between nutritional status and Staphylococcus colonization in hip and knee replacement patients. Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis. 2011;69(4):308-311.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Huang R., Greenky M., Kerr G.J., Austin M.S., Parvizi J. The Effect of Malnutrition on Patients Undergoing Elective Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(8 Suppl):21-24. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.05.038.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Jaberi F.M., Parvizi J., Bs C.T.H., Joshi A., Purtill J. Procrastination of wound drainage and malnutrition affect the outcome of joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(6):1368-1371. doi: 10.1007/s11999-008-0214-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Cross M.B., Yi P.H., Thomas C.F., Garcia J., Della Valle C.J. Evaluation of malnutrition in orthopaedic surgery. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2014;22(3):193-199. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-22-03-193.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Blevins K., Aalirezaie A., Shohat N., Parvizi J. Malnutrition and the Development of Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Primary Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(9): 2971-2975. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.04.027.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Rynecki N.D., Congiusta D.V., Fields M., Patel R., Vosbikian M.M., Ahmed I.H. Increased risk of complications in patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty. J Orthop. 2020;21:253-257. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.03.006.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Yi P.H., Frank R.M., Vann E., Sonn K.A., Moric M., Della Valle C.J. Is Potential Malnutrition Associated With Septic Failure and Acute Infection After Revision Total Joint Arthroplasty? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473(1): 175-182. doi: 10.1007/s11999-014-3685-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Eminovic S., Vincze G., Eglseer D., Riedl R., Sadoghi P., Leithner A. et al. Malnutrition as predictor of poor outcome after total hip arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2021;45(1):51-56. doi: 10.1007/s00264-020-04892-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Kamath A.F., McAuliffe C.L., Kosseim L.M., Pio F., Hume E. Malnutrition in Joint Arthroplasty: Prospective Study Indicates Risk of Unplanned ICU Admission. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2016;4(2):128-131.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Tsantes A.G., Papadopoulos D.V., Lytras T., Tsantes A.E., Mavrogenis A.F., Korompilias A.V. et al. Association of malnutrition with periprosthetic joint and surgical site infections after total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2019;103(1): 69-77. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.04.020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Volkert D., Berner Y.N., Berry E., Cederholm T., Coti Bertrand P., Milne A. et al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Geriatrics. Clin Nutr. 2006;25(2): 330-360. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Cao G., Huang Q., Xu B., Huang Z., Xie J., Pei F. Multimodal Nutritional Management in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Arthroplasty. 2017;32(11):3390-3395. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2017.06.020.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
