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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">16719</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-16719</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Factors affecting the course and prognosis of implant-associated infection caused by <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Факторы, влияющие на течение и прогноз имплантат-ассоциированной инфекции, вызванной <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp.</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-4963</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8704-9195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tufanova</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Туфанова</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>katieva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-7133</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3131-4385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kasimova</surname><given-names>Alina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Касимова</surname><given-names>Алина Рашидовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kasi-alina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7129-1553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Astakhov</surname><given-names>Denis I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астахов</surname><given-names>Денис Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>denmail_69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-4674</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7221-1131</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukina</surname><given-names>Anna N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукина</surname><given-names>Анна Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>anrukina@win.rniito.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-2424</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3086-3694</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bozhkova</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Божкова</surname><given-names>Светлана Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>clinpharm-rniito@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-04-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-03"><day>03</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-26"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/16719">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/16719</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background. </bold>The outcome of complex treatment of implant-associated infection (IAI) depends on various factors, but one of the most important is the etiology of the inflammatory process. Treatment of orthopedic infection caused by Gram-negative microorganisms in general and representatives of the family <italic>Enterobacteriaceae</italic> in particular causes many difficulties, one of which is the rapid growth of antibiotic resistance.</p> <p><bold>Aim of the study</bold> — to evaluate the factors affecting the course and prognosis of implant-associated infection caused by <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp.</p> <p><bold>Methods. </bold>We performed a retrospective analysis of case histories of 85 patients who underwent treatment of IAI caused by <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. in the clinical departments of the center from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. According to the results of the telephone survey, the patients were divided into 2 main groups depending on the outcome of the 2-year follow-up period determined in accordance with the Delphi criteria.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> It was found that the prognosis was significantly worsened by the number of sanitizing surgical interventions in the anamnesis (p = 0.022), the need for sanitizing intervention in the early postoperative period (p&lt;0.001) and the presence of <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. growth in postoperative culture tests (p = 0.002), hypoalbuminemia on 7-14 days after the surgery (p = 0.008). The administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the outpatient treament stage significantly improved the outcome (p = 0.038), which is most likely due to a high proportion of polymicrobial associations — 69.5%.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions. </bold>There is a statistically significant direct relationship between the probability of an unfavorable treatment outcome of patients with IAI caused by <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. and the number of sanitizing surgical interventions in the anamnesis, low serum albumin (g/l) on 7-14 days after the operation, revision intervention in the early postoperative period, positive growth of <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. in postoperative culture tests. The probability of a favorable outcome was increased by the prescription of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for oral administration at the outpatient stage.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Исход комплексного лечения имплантат-ассоциированной инфекции (ИАИ) зависит от различных факторов, однако одним из важнейших является этиология воспалительного процесса. Лечение ортопедической инфекции, вызванной грамотрицательными микроорганизмами вообще и представителями семейства энтеробактерий в частности, вызывает множество сложностей, одной из которых является стремительный рост антибиотикорезистентности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — оценить факторы, влияющие на течение и прогноз имплантат-ассоциированной инфекции, вызванной <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы. </bold>Выполнен ретроспективный анализ историй болезни 85 пациентов, находившихся на лечении с 1 января 2017 г. по 31 декабря 2021 г. по поводу лечения ИАИ, вызванной <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. По результатам телефонного анкетирования пациенты были поделены на две основные группы в зависимости от исхода двухлетнего периода наблюдения, определенного согласно критериям Делфи.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Статистически значимо ухудшало прогноз исходов: число санирующих хирургических вмешательств в анамнезе (<italic>p</italic> = 0,022), необходимость санирующего вмешательства в раннем послеоперационном периоде (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001) и наличие роста <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. в послеоперационных посевах (<italic>p</italic> = 0,002), гипоальбуминемия на 7–14-е сут. после проведенной операции (<italic>p</italic> = 0,008). Назначение на амбулаторный период триметоприма-сульфаметоксазола статистически значимо улучшало исход (<italic>p</italic> = 0,038), что, вероятнее всего, связано с высокой долей полимикробных ассоциаций — 69,5%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Выявлена статистически значимая прямая связь между вероятностью неблагоприятного исхода лечения пациентов с ИАИ, вызванной <italic>Кlebsiella</italic> spp., и числом санирующих хирургических вмешательств в анамнезе, низким уровнем сывороточного альбумина на 7–14-е сут. после проведенной операции, проведением ревизионного вмешательства в раннем послеоперационном периоде, положительном ростом <italic>Klebsiella</italic> spp. в послеоперационных посевах. Вероятность благоприятного исхода увеличивало назначение триметоприма-сульфаметоксазола для перорального приема на амбулаторном этапе.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periprosthetic infection</kwd><kwd>osteomyelitis</kwd><kwd>enterobacteria</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella</kwd><kwd>antibacterial therapy</kwd><kwd>trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>остеомиелит</kwd><kwd>энтеробактерии</kwd><kwd>Klebsiella</kwd><kwd>антибактериальная терапия</kwd><kwd>триметоприм-сульфаметоксазол</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jernigan J.A., Hatfield K.M., Wolford H., Nelson R.E., Olubajo B., Reddy S.C. et al. Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in U.S. hospitalized patients, 2012-2017. 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