<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1627</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-1627</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Surgical Treatment of Patients With Knee Pathology and Deformities of the Lower Extremities: А Systematic Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Хирургическое лечение пациентов с патологией коленного сустава и деформациями нижних конечностей: систематический обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1132-3764</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhumabekov</surname><given-names>Subanbek B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жумабеков</surname><given-names>Субанбек Бакытович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, отделение эндопротезирования и эндоскопической хирургии суставов</p></bio><email>Zhumabekov.93@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-556X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pronskikh</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пронских</surname><given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>Proal_88@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8997-7330</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>Vitaliy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>Виталий Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, главный научный сотрудник</p></bio><email>pavlovdoc@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9231-5891</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korytkin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корыткин</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, директор</p></bio><email>andrey.korytkin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tsivyan Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-02-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>138</fpage><lpage>147</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-04-27"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-07-27"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Zhumabekov S.B., Pronskikh A.A., Pavlov V.V., Korytkin A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Жумабеков С.Б., Пронских А.А., Павлов В.В., Корыткин А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhumabekov S.B., Pronskikh A.A., Pavlov V.V., Korytkin A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Жумабеков С.Б., Пронских А.А., Павлов В.В., Корыткин А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1627">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1627</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background.</italic></bold> In patients with knee pathology, a phased approach to surgical treatment is often used: first, corrective osteotomies and then, if necessary, arthroplasty. This technique allows achieving optimal results of treatment.</p> <p><bold><italic>The study aimed</italic></bold> to determine promising methods of surgical treatment of patients with knee pathology and deformities of the lower limb axis.</p> <p><bold><italic>Material and Methods.</italic></bold> Publication search was conducted in the databases of eLibrary, PubMed, and Scopus from 2000 to 2020 (a search period of 20 years) using the following keywords: deformity of the lower limb axis, deformity correction, and total knee arthroplasty. Demographic data of the patients, features of surgical techniques, and treatment results were analyzed.</p> <p><bold><italic>Results. </italic></bold>The literature search identified 1,232 publications, of which 12 studies that analyzed a total of 2.428 patients were included in this review. The surgical treatment covered the period from 1987 to 2018. The average follow-up period was 64.1±7.4 months, the average patient age was 58.8±1.4 years, the average duration of surgery was 114.2±3.9 min, and the average volume of blood loss was 484.0±30.0 mL. The fixation period with a metal plate, from the moment of osteotomy to hardware removal, was on average 18.0±1.8 months.</p> <p><bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold>Corrective osteotomies can prevent or delay knee replacement by an average of 11.8 years. Osteotomy preceding total arthroplasty does not negatively affect the survival of endoprosthesis, and its results are comparable with the medium- and long-term results of primary arthroplasty.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность. </italic></bold>У пациентов с патологией коленного сустава часто используется этапный подход к хирургическому лечению: сначала корригирующие остеотомии, а затем, при необходимости — эндопротезирование. Такая тактика позволяет добиться оптимальных конечных результатов лечения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Целью</italic></bold> данного обзора является определение перспективных способов хирургического лечения пациентов с патологией коленного сустава в сочетании с деформациями оси нижней конечности.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материал и методы. </italic></bold>Поиск публикаций проводили в базах данных eLIBRARY, PubMed и Scopus с глубиной поиска 20 лет (с 2000 по 2020 г.) по ключевым словосочетаниям: деформация оси конечности (deformity of the lower limb axis), корригирующая остеотомия (deformity correction), тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава (total knee arthroplasty). Были проанализированы демографические данные пациентов, особенности хирургических вмешательств и результаты лечения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты. </italic></bold>По результатам поиска было найдено 1232 публикации, для анализа отобрано 12 исследований, в которые вошли 2428 пациентов. Сроки оперативного лечения пациентов охватили период с 1987 по 2018 г. Срок наблюдения составил в среднем 64,1±7,4 мес., средний возраст пациентов составил 58,8±1,4 года, средняя продолжительность операции — 114,2±3,9 мин., средний объем кровопотери — 484,0±30,0 мл. Время фиксации металлоконструкцией, прошедшее от момента остеотомии до удаления, составило в среднем 18,0±1,8 мес.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение. </italic></bold>Корригирующие остеотомии могут предотвратить эндопротезирование или отсрочить его в среднем на 11,8 лет. Остеотомия, предшествующая тотальному эндопротезированию, не оказывает отрицательного влияния на выживаемость эндопротеза, ее результаты сопоставимы со среднесрочными и долгосрочными результатами первичного эндопротезирования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>limb axis deformity</kwd><kwd>corrective osteotomy</kwd><kwd>high tibial osteotomy</kwd><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>деформация оси конечности</kwd><kwd>корригирующая остеотомия</kwd><kwd>высокая тибиальная остеотомия</kwd><kwd>тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Алексеева Л.И., Зайцева Е.М. Клинические подходы к лечению остеоартроза. Русский медицинский журнал. 2006;14(6):450. Режим доступа: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/obshchie-stati/Klinicheskie_podhody_k_lecheniyu_osteoartroza/. Alekseeva L.I., Zaitseva E.M. [Clinical approaches to osteoarthrosis treatment]. Russkij medicinskij zhurnal. [Russian Medical Journal]. 2006;14(6):450. (In Russian). Available from: https://www.rmj.ru/articles/obshchie-stati/Klinicheskie_podhody_k_lecheniyu_osteoartroza/.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cooke T.D., Sled E.A., Scudamore R.A. Frontal plane knee alignment: a call for standardized measurement. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(9):1796-1801. doi: 10.1080/03009740600905372.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Sharma L. The role of varus and valgus alignment in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(4):1044-1047. doi: 10.1002/art.22514.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Paley D. Principles of deformity correction. New York: Springer Verlag; 2003. p. 61-97.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Супрунов К.Н. Биомеханическое обоснование оперативного лечения посттравматических деформаций коленного сустава у детей. Российский медико-биологический вестник им. акад. И.П. Павлова. 2006;(1):14-19. Suprunov K.N. [Biomechanical basis of operative treatment of posttraumatic deformations of children’s knee-joint]. Rossiiskii mediko-biologicheskii vestnik im. akad. I.P. Pavlova [I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald]. 2006;(1):14-19. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Brouwer G.M., Van Tol A.W., Bergink A.P., Belo J.N., Bernsen R.M.D, Reijman M. et al. Association between valgus and varus alignment and the development and progression of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(4):1204-1211. doi: 10.1002/art.22515.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Doherty M. Risk factors for progression of knee osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2001;358(9284):775-776. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06006-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Thorp L.E., Sumner D.R., Wimmer M.A., Block J.A. Relationship between pain and medial knee joint loading in mild radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(7):1254-1260. doi: 10.1002/art.22991.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Paley D., Kocaoğlu M., Erkal F.E. Combined Technique: Correction of Long Bone Deformities Using Fixator-Assisted Nailing. Berlin: Heidelberg Springer; 2015. p. 33-47. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-55026-3_2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Соломин Л.Н. Основы чрескостного остеосинтеза. Москва: Бином; 2015. Т. 2, Гл. 8. c. 590-645. Solomin L.N. Osnovy chreskostnogo osteosinteza [Basics transosseous osteosynthesis]. Moscow: Binom; 2015. Vol. 2, Сh. 8. p. 590-645. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Thein R., Bronak S., Thein R., Haviv B. Distal femoral osteotomy for valgus arthritic knees. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17(6):745-749. doi: 10.1007/s00776-012-0273-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Kurtz S., Ong K., Lau E., Mowat F., Halpern M. Projections of Primary and Revision Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(4):780-785. doi: 10.2106/jbjs.f.00222.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Sharkey P.F., Lichstein P.M., Shen C., Tokarski A.T., Parvizi J. Why Are Total Knee Arthroplasties Failing Are Today — Has Anything Changed After 10 Years? J Arthroplasty. 2014;29(9):1774-1778. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.07.024.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Healy W.L., Della Valle C.J., Iorio R., Berend K.R., Cushner F.D., Dalury D.F. et al. Complications of total knee arthroplasty: standardized list and definitions of the Knee Society. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;471(1):215-220. doi: 10.1007/s11999-012-2489-y.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dalury D.F., Pomeroy D.L., Gorab R.S., Adams M.J. Why are total knee arthroplasties being revised? J Arthroplasty. 2013;28(8 Suppl):120-121. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2013.04.051.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Harris J.D., McNeilan R., Siston R.A., Flanigan D.C. Survival and clinical outcome of isolated high tibial osteotomy and combined biological knee reconstruction. Knee. 2013;20(3):153-161. doi: 10.1016/j.knee.2012.12.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Sharma L., Chmiel J.S., Almagor O., Felson D., Guermazi A., Roemer F. The role of varus and valgus alignment in the initial development of knee cartilage damage by MRI: the MOST study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(2):235-240. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201070.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Зыкин А.А., Тенелин Н.А., Корыткин А.А., Герасимов С.А. Новый способ корригирующей остеотомии голени при осевых деформациях нижней конечности. Новости хирургии. 2015;23(6):651-657. 10.18484/2305-0047.2015.6.651. Zykin A.A., Tenilin N.A., Korytkin A.A., Gerasimov S.A. [A New Method for Osteotomy of the Tibia for Axial Deformity Correction of the Lower Extremities]. Novosti Khirurgii [Surgery News]. 2015;23(6):651-657. (In Russian). doi: 10.18484/2305-0047.2015.6.651.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Robinson P.M., Papanna M.C., Somanchi B.V., Khan S.A. High tibial osteotomy in medial compartment osteoarthritis and varus deformity using the Taylor spatial frame: early results. Strategies Trauma Limb Recon. 2011;6(3):137-145. doi: 10.1007/s11751-011-0123-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Тепленький М.П., Буравцов П.П., Бирюкова М.Ю. Лечение деформации костей голени, осложненной нестабильностью коленного сустава. Гений ортопедии. 2012;(2):99-101. Teplen’ky M.P., Buravtsov P.P., Biriukova M.Yu. [Treatment of leg bone deformity complicated by the knee instability]. Genij ortopedii. 2012;(2):99-101. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Рева М.А., Чегуров О.К., Каминский А.В., Максимов А.Л., Ефимов Д.Н. Применение корригирующей остеотомии костей голени и тотального эндопротезирования коленного сустава в комплексном лечении больных гонартрозом с нарушением биомеханической оси нижней конечности. Гений ортопедии. 2012;(3):66-71. Reva M.A., Chegurov O.K., Kaminsky A.V., Maksimov A.L., Yefimov D.N. [The use of correcting osteotomy of leg bones and total endoprosthetics of the knee in complex treatment of patients with gonarthrosis and the disorder of the lower limb biomechanical axis]. Genij ortopedii. 2012;(3):66-71. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Меркулов В.Н., Цыкунов М.Б., Дорохин А.И., Дуйсенов Н. Б. Лечение посттравматических деформаций и укорочения конечностей у детей и подростков. Вестник РГМУ. 2009;(5):25-28. Merkulov V.N., Tzykunov M.B., Dorokhin A.I., Duysenov N.B. [Treatment of post-traumatic deformations and limb shortenings in children and teenagers]. Vestnik RGMU [Bulletin of Russian State Medical University]. 2009;(5):25-28. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Тропин В.И., Буравцов П.П., Бирюкова М.Ю., Чертищев А.А., Тропин Д.В. Оперативное лечение пациентов с гонартрозом и варусной деформацией коленного сустава с применением аппарата Илизарова. Гений ортопедии. 2016;(1):70-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2016-1-70-74. Tropin V.I., Buravtsov P.P., Biriukova M.Iu., Chertishchev A.A., Tropin D.V. [Surgical treatment of patients with gonarthrosis and varus deformity of the knee using the Ilizarov fixator]. Genij ortopedii. 2016;(1):70-74. (In Russian). doi: https://doi.org/10.18019/1028-4427-2016-1-70-74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Hankemeier S., Mommsen P., Krettek C., Jagodzinski M., Brand J., Meyer C. et al. Accuracy of high tibial osteotomy: comparison between open- and closed-wedge technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18(10): 1328-1333. doi: 10.1007/s00167-009-1020-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Schaefer T.K., Majewski M.M., Hirschmann T., Friederich N.F. Comparison of sagittal and frontal plane alignment after open- and closed-wedge osteotomy: a matched-pair analysis. J Int Med Res. 2008;36(5):1085-1093. doi: 10.1177/147323000803600528.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>van Raaij T.M., Bakker W., Reijman M., Verhaar J.A. The effect of high tibial osteotomy on the results of total knee arthroplasty: a matched case control study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007;8(1):74-79. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-8-74.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Gaillard R., Lording T., Lustig S., Servien E., Neyret Ph. Total knee arthroplasty after varus distal femoral osteotomy vs native knee: similar results in a case control study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2017;25(11):3522-3529. doi: 10.1007/s00167-017-4487-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Gaasbeek R.D., Nicolaas L., Rijnberg W.J., van Loon C.J.M., van Kampen A. Correction accuracy and collateral laxity in open versus closed wedge high tibial osteotomy. A one-year randomised controlled study. Int Orthop. 2010;34(2):201-207. doi: 10.1007/s00264-009-0861-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Brouwer R.W., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M.A., van Raaij T.M., Verhaar J.A.N. Osteotomy for medial compartment arthritis of the knee using a closing wedge or an opening wedge controlled by a Puddu plate A one-year randomised, controlled study. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006;88(11):1454-1459. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.88B11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Luites J.W.H., Brinkman J.-M., Wymenga A.B., van Heerwaarden R.J. Fixation stability of opening-versus closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a randomised clinical trial using radiostereometry. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91(11):1459-1465. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.91B11.22614.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Бялик В.Е., Макаров С.А., Алексеева Л.И., Бялик Е.И. Среднесрочные и отдаленные результаты высокой тибиальной остеотомии у больных первичным и вторичным остеоартритом коленного сустава с варусной деформацией. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(2):38-46. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-2-38-46. Byalik V.E., Makarov S.A., Alekseeva L.I., Byalik E.I. [Medium- and long-term results of high tibial osteotomy in patients with primary and secondary knee osteoarthritis with varus deformity]. Sovremennaya revmatologiya [Modern Rheumatology Journal]. 2019;13(2):38-46. (In Russian). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-2-38-46.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Bae D.K., Song S.J., Park C.H., Liang H., Bae J.K. Comparison of mid-term results between conversion total knee arthroplasties following closed wedge high tibial osteotomy and primary total knee arthroplasties: A matched pair study including patellar symptom and position. J Orthop Sci. 2017;22(3):495-500. doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2016.12.019.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Amendola L., Fosco M., Cenni E., Tigani D. Knee joint arthroplasty after tibial osteotomy. Int Orthop. 2010;34(2):289-295. 10.1007/s00264-009-0894-y.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>El-Galaly A., Nielsen P.T., Jensen S.L., Kappel A. Prior High Tibial Osteotomy Does Not Affect the Survival of Total Knee Arthroplasties: Results From the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. J Arthroplasty. 2018;33(7):2131-2135.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.02.076.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Niinimäki T.T., Eskelinen A., Ohtonen P., Puhto A.-P., Mann B.S., Leppilahti J. Total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: A registry-based case-control study of 1,036 knees. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2014;134(1):73-77. doi: 10.1007/s00402-013-1897-0.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Kosashvili Y., Gross A.E., Zywiel M.G., Safir O., Lakstein D., Backstein D. Total Knee Arthroplasty After Failed Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy Using Selectively Stemmed Posterior Stabilized Components. J Arthroplasty. 2011;26(5):738-743. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2010.06.008.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Chalmers B.P., Limberg A.K., Athey A.G., Perry K.I., Pagnano M.P., Abdel M.P. Total knee arthroplasty after distal femoral osteotomy. Bone Joint J. 2019; 101-B(6):660-666. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.101B6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Rand J.A., Trousdale R.T., Ilstrup D.M., Harmsen W.S. Factors affecting the durability of primary total knee prostheses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(2):259-265. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200302000-00012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Esenkaya I., Unay K., Akan K. Proximal tibial osteotomies for the medial compartment arthrosis of the knee: a historical journey. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr. 2012;7(1):13-21. doi: 10.1007/s11751-012- 0131-x.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Agarwala S., Sobti A., Naik S., Chaudhari S. Comparison of closing-wedge and opening-wedge high tibial osteotomies for medial compartment osteoarthritis of knee in Asian population: Mid-term follow-up. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2016;7(4):272-275. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2016.06.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Dorofeev A., Tylla A., Drescher W., Stangl R. [Complication analysis after angle-stable CW and OW high tibial osteotomy]. Der Orthopade. 2020;49(1):18-25. [In German]. doi: 10.1007/s00132-019-03724-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Lobenhoffer P., De Simoni C., Staubli A.E. Open-wedge high-tibial osteotomy with rigid plate fixation. Tech Knee Surg. 2002;1(2):93-105. doi: 10.1097/00132588-200212000-00004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Fowler P.J., Tan J.L., Brown G.A. Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: How I do it. Oper Tech Sports Med. 2000;8(1):32-38. doi: 10.1016/s1060-1872(00)80022-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Schuster P., Geßlein M., Schlumberger M., Mayer P., Mayr R., Oremek D. et al. Ten-Year Results of Medial Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy and Chondral Resurfacing in Severe Medial Osteoarthritis and Varus Malalignment. Am J Sports Med. 2018;46(6):1362-1370. doi: 10.1177/0363546518758016.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Harris J.D., McNeilan R., Siston R.A., Flanigan D.C. Survival and clinical outcome of isolated high tibial osteotomy and combined biological knee reconstruction. Knee. 2013;20(3):154-161. doi: 10.1016/j.knee. 2012.12.012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Seo S.-S., Nha K.-W., Kim T.-Y., Shin Y.-S. Survival of total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy versus primary total knee arthroplasty A meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019;98(30):e16609. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000016609.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Madan S., Ranjith R.K., Fiddian N.J. Total knee replacement following high tibial osteotomy. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 2002-2003;61(1-2):5-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Haslam P., Armstrong M., Geutjens G., Wilton T.J. Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy long-term follow-up of matched groups. J Arthroplasty. 2007;22(2):245-250. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2006.01.031.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>NAR. The Norwegian Arthroplasty Register. Annual report 2014. Available from: nrlhelse.ihelse.net .</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Badawy M., Fenstad A.M., Indrekvam K., Havelin L., Furnes O. The risk of revision in total knee arthroplasty is not affected by previous high tibial osteotomy. Acta Orthop. 2015;86(6):734-739. doi: 10.3109/17453674.2015.1060402.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Luceri F., Tamini J., Ferrua P., Ricci D., Batailler C., Lustig S. et al. Total knee arthroplasty after distal femoral osteotomy: a systematic review and current concepts. SICOT J. 2020;6:35-41. doi: 10.1051/sicotj/2020033.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
