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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15999</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2311-2905-15999</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of Infrapatellar Fat Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Значение инфрапателлярной жировой ткани в патогенезе остеоартрита коленного сустава: обзор зарубежной литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-904X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korneva</surname><given-names>Yulia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корнева</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ksu1546@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-2017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisenko</surname><given-names>Marina B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисенко</surname><given-names>Марина Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>marina-borisenko-2000@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Smolensk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-West State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-12-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28" publication-format="electronic"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>155</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-09-25"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-23"><day>23</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/15999">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/15999</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common joint diseases in the adult population. The role of indolent inflammation and predominance of catabolic cytokines over anabolic ones in OA has now been proven. The influence of obesity on the development of OA by releasing inflammatory mediators by fat tissue has been confirmed. Infrapatellar fat tissue (Hoffa’s fat pad) is a potential donor of proinflammatory cytokines, including specific fat tissue proinflammatory cytokines - adipokines. In a healthy person, infrapatellar fat tissue contributes to the distribution of mechanical load on the joint and metabolism of the synovial fluid. Infiltration of infrapatellar fat tissue by macrophages and lymphocytes leads not only to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with chondrolytic properties, but also to the maintenance of chronic inflammation in the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone. Morphologic changes in Hoffa’s fat pad can be both an indicator of the inflammatory process in the joint cavity and a predictor of pathologic changes of the joint. Among histological changes, infiltration with macrophages and lymphocytes, fibrosis, thickening of the interlobular septa, reduction in the size of fat lobules and adipocytes, and increased vascularization are important for the course of OA. Morphologic changes can be assessed using a non-invasive method - magnetic resonance imaging, which makes it possible to evaluate the presence and severity of synovitis, thickening of the synovial membrane, edema, thickening of the interlobular septa, and a decrease in the volume of Hoffa’s fat pad. Histologic and tomographic signs can potentially be used to assess the severity of OA and develop prognostic scales. Infrapatellar fat tissue is also a source of mesenchymal stem cells phenotypically similar to chondrocytes, which can be used for regeneration of joint cartilage tissue with minimally invasive intervention to harvest them.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Остеоартрит (OA) является одним из самых распространенных заболеваний суставов среди взрослого населения. В настоящее время доказана роль вялотекущего воспаления и преобладания катаболических цитокинов над анаболическими при ОА. Доказано влияние ожирения на развитие ОА посредством выделения жировой тканью воспалительных медиаторов. Потенциальным донатором провоспалительных цитокинов, и в том числе специфических провоспалительных цитокинов жировой ткани — адипокинов, является инфрапателлярная жировая ткань (жировое тело Гоффа). У здорового человека инфрапателлярная жировая ткань участвует в распределении механической нагрузки на сустав и метаболизме синовиальной жидкости. Инфильтрация инфрапателлярной жировой ткани макрофагами и лимфоцитами способствует не только выработке провоспалительных цитокинов, обладающих хондролитическими свойствами, но и поддержанию хронического воспаления в синовиальной оболочке, суставном хряще и субхондральной кости. Морфологические изменения в жировом теле Гоффа могут являться как индикатором воспалительного процесса в суставной полости, так и предиктором патологических изменений в суставе. Среди гистологических изменений для течения ОА важными являются инфильтрация макрофагами и лимфоцитами, фиброз, утолщение междольковых перегородок, уменьшение размеров жировых долек и адипоцитов и усиление васкуляризации. Морфологические изменения можно оценивать при помощи неинвазивного метода визуализации — магнитно-резонансной томографии, благодаря которой можно оценить наличие и выраженность синовита, утолщение синовиальной оболочки, отек, утолщение междольковых перегородок, уменьшение объема жирового тела Гоффа. Гистологические и томографические признаки потенциально могут быть использованы для оценки степени тяжести ОА и составления прогностических шкал. Инфрапателлярная жировая ткань также является источником мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, фенотипически сходных с хондроцитами, которые могут быть использованы для регенерации хрящевой ткани сустава при минимально инвазивном вмешательстве для их получения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infrapatellar fat tissue</kwd><kwd>Hoffa’s fat pad</kwd><kwd>knee osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>adipokines</kwd><kwd>knee joint</kwd><kwd>synovial membrane</kwd><kwd>magnetic resonance imaging</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфрапателлярная жировая ткань</kwd><kwd>жировое тело Гоффа</kwd><kwd>остеоартрит коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>адипокины</kwd><kwd>коленный сустав</kwd><kwd>синовиальная оболочка</kwd><kwd>магнитно-резонансная томография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cross M., Smith E., Hoy D., Nolte S., Ackerman I., Fransen M. et al. 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