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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1580</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21823/2311-2905-2021-27-1580</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Genome-wide Studies of knee Osteoarthritis: Review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Полногеномные исследования остеоартроза коленного сустава: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-2156</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novakov</surname><given-names>Vitaly B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новаков</surname><given-names>Виталий Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач травматолог-ортопед, аспирант медицинского института</p></bio><email>v.novakov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2700-1284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novakova</surname><given-names>Olga N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новакова</surname><given-names>Ольга Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доцент кафедры медико-биологических дисциплин медицинского института</p></bio><email>litovkina@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1254-6134</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churnosov</surname><given-names>Mikhail I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурносов</surname><given-names>Михаил Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой медико-биологических дисциплин медицинского института</p></bio><email>churnosov@bsu.edu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Hospital No. 2 of Belgorod</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ОГБУЗ «Городская больница № 2 г. Белгорода»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет» Минобрнауки России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2021-10-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-18"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-08-06"><day>06</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Novakov V.B., Novakova O.N., Churnosov M.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Новаков В.Б., Новакова О.Н., Чурносов М.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novakov V.B., Novakova O.N., Churnosov M.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новаков В.Б., Новакова О.Н., Чурносов М.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1580">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1580</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>Background. </italic></bold>Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction of many environmental, epigenetic and genetic risk factors, and the latter account for 40% to 65%. Genetic bases of the knee OA based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) are being actively studied by many scientific teams around the world. At the same time, the results obtained are often contradictory and ambiguous, as for the conducted replicative studies of knee OA. This dictates the need for additional replicative studies in various populations, including populations of Russia. The aim of the study was to analyze genome-wide studies of knee OA and to establish GWAS-significant polymorphic loci associated with OA. <bold><italic>Materials and Methods.</italic></bold> The search for publications was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, PubMedCentral, eLIBRARY, in the GWAS catalog for the period from 2008 to the present by the keywords: knee osteoarthritis, GWAS studies, candidate genes. <bold><italic>Results.</italic></bold> Firstly, for the period from 2008 to 2021, 15 genome-wide studies of knee OA were performed (8 GWAS, 6 meta-analyzes of GWAS data, 1 study — a combination of GWAS and meta-analysis of GWAS data), as a result of which 78 polymorphic loci were found associated with the risk of developing osteoarthritis of the knee joint at p≤5×10<sup>-08</sup>. Second ly, the vast majority of these loci (62 out of 78 SNPs, 79%) showed GWAS-significant associations with OA in meta-analyzes of GWAS data and only 16 loci (21%) in GWAS studies. Third ly, almost 95% of GWAS-significant loci for knee OA (74 SNPs) were found in samples of Caucasian origin. Fourthly, 21 out of 78 GWAS-significant SNPs are associated with isolated knee OA, and 57 SNPs are associated with knee, hip and hand OA (mixed sample). Fifth, all genome-wide studies of knee OA and meta-analyzes of GWAS data were carried out abroad on samples from various foreign populations, and samples from the Russian Federation were not included in these studies. Sixth, only two GWAS-significant polymorphic loci for OA (rs143384 of the <italic>GDF5</italic> gene for knee OA isolated localization and rs3771501 of the <italic>TGFA</italic> gene for OA of any localization) were replicated at the whole genome level of significance (p≤5×10<sup>-08</sup>) in two different studies. <bold><italic>Conclusion. </italic></bold>The main genome-wide studies of knee OA were reviewed and GWAS-significant polymorphisms associated with OA were identified. The obtained materials on GWAS-significant loci can be used both in the selection of polymorphisms in replicative studies of OA in various populations of Russia, and for expanding the understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of the disease development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Актуальность.</italic></bold> Остеоартроз (ОА) коленного сустава — это многофакторное заболевание, являющееся результатом взаимодействия множества средовых, эпигенетических и генетических факторов риска, причем на долю последних приходится от 40 до 65%. Генетические основы ОА коленного сустава на основе полногеномного поиска ассоциаций (GWAS) активно изучаются многими научными коллективами мира. Полученные результаты часто противоречивы и неоднозначны, что касается и проведенных репликативных исследований ОА коленного сустава. Это диктует необходимость проведения дополнительных репликативных исследований в различных популяциях, в том числе в России. <bold><italic>Материал и методы.</italic></bold> Поиск публикаций был выполнен в электронныых базах PubMed, PubMedCentral, eLIBRARY, в каталоге GWAS за период с 2008 г. по настоящее время по ключевым словам: остеоартроз коленного сустава (knee osteoarthritis), GWAS-исследования (GWAS studies), гены-кандидаты (candidate genes). <bold><italic>Результаты. </italic></bold>За период с 2008 по 2021 г. выполнено 15 полногеномных исследований ОА коленного сустава (8 GWAS, 6 метаанализов GWAS данных, 1 исследование — сочетание GWAS и метаанализа GWAS данных), в результате которых установлено 78 полиморфных локусов, ассоциированных с риском развития остеоартроза коленного сустава при <italic>p</italic>≤5×10<sup>-08</sup>. Подавляющее большинство этих локусов (62 из 78 SNPs, 79%) показали GWAS-значимые ассоциации с ОА в метаанализах GWAS данных и только 16 локусов (21%) — в GWAS-исследованиях. Почти 95% GWAS-значимых для ОА коленного сустава локусов (74 SNPs) выявлены на выборках европеоидного происхождения. 21 из 78 GWAS-значимых SNPs ассоциированы с ОА коленного сустава изолированной локализации, а 57 SNPs — с ОА коленного, тазобедренного суставов и суставов руки (смешанная выборка). Все полногеномные исследования ОА коленного сустава и метаанализы GWAS данных проведены за рубежом на выборках из различных зарубежных популяций, причем в эти исследования выборки из Российской Федерации не были включены. Лишь два GWAS-значимых для ОА полиморфных локуса (rs143384 гена <italic>GDF5</italic> для ОА коленного сустава изолированной локализации и rs3771501 гена <italic>TGFA</italic> для ОА любой локализации) реплицированы на полногеномном уровне значимости (<italic>p</italic>≤5×10<sup>-08</sup>) в двух различных исследованиях.<bold><italic> Заключение.</italic></bold> Полученные материалы о GWAS-значимых локусах могут быть использованы как при отборе полиморфизмов при репликативных исследованиях ОА в различных популяциях России, так и для расширения представлений о молекулярно-генетических механизмах развития заболевания.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knee osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>GWAS</kwd><kwd>genome-wide study</kwd><kwd>candidate genes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартроз коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>GWAS</kwd><kwd>полногеномный поиск ассоциаций</kwd><kwd>гены-кандидаты</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Zengini E., Finan C., Wilkinson J.M. 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