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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1228</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-2-157-165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Isolated and Multilevel Spondylolysis (Literature Review)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Изолированный и многоуровневый спондилолиз (обзор литературы)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skryabin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скрябин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny G. Skryabin — Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics with a Course in Pediatric Traumatology</p><p>Tyumen</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Скрябин Евгений Геннадьевич — д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры травматологии и ортопедии с курсом детской травматологии</p><p>г. Тюмень</p></bio><email>skryabineg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-07-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>157</fpage><lpage>165</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1228">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1228</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One of the main causes of lumbar spine pain is spondylolysis. <bold>The purpose</bold> of this review is to present the current state of the problem of diagnosis and treatment isolated and multilevel spondylolysis.</p><p><bold>Materials and Methods.</bold> The review includes 86 publications on the problem of spondylolysis for 2005–2019, obtained from electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> There is still the only known classification of spondylolysis by P. Niggemann et al, which includes four severity of this pathology — from mild to very severe: A, BI, BII, BIII. The classification is based on the nature of changes in the area of bone defect of the vertebral arch when the patient performs functional tests. In some cases, the pathology can be regarded as a transition between different degrees of severity of type B. The treatment of spondylolysis can be both conservative and operational. The conservative therapy consists of physical activity restriction, physiotherapy, wearing a corset, massage, and pharmacotherapy. The purpose of surgical treatment is the removal of fibrous tissue from the zone of spondylolysis and the achievement in this area the bone fusion via a bone autoplasty and(or) osteosynthesis with different metal frameworks. Reasoned arguments about the need for a combination of conservative and surgical treatment of patients with spondylolysis are also reflected in the publications. Information on multilevel spondylolysis is represented by a small number of articles. only 15 authors described clinical cases of multilevel spondylolysis in a total of 21 patients. Spondylolysis is a high risk factor for the spondylolisthesis formation. Among the various categories of patients suffering from spondylolysis and lumbar spondylolysis spondylolisthesis, pregnant women are of particular interest. Hormonal restructuring and changes in the biomechanics of the spine in women during the gestational period often leads to the appearance or intensification pain syndrome in lumbar spine complicating the pregnancy, and hence a fetus development.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Timely diagnosis of spondylolysis and the subsequent development of individual rehabilitation not only improves the quality of life of patients, but in some cases can prevent such a serious pathology as spondylolisthesis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Одной из основных причин болевого синдрома в поясничном отделе позвоночника является спондилолиз — дефект межсуставной части дуги позвонка.</p><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — представить современное состояние проблемы диагностики и лечения изолированного и многоуровневого спондилолиза.</p><p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> В обзор вошло 86 публикаций, посвященных проблеме спондилолиза, за 2005–2019 гг., полученные из электронных баз данных: PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, CYBERLENINKA.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Существует пока единственная известная классификация спондилолиза P. Niggemann с соавторами, включающая четыре степени тяжести патологии – от легкой до самой тяжелой: А, BI, BII, BIII. В основу классификации положен характер изменений в зоне костного дефекта дуги позвонка при выполнении пациентом функциональных проб. В ряде случаев патология может расцениваться как переходная между различными степенями тяжести типа B. лечение спондилолиза может быть как консервативным, так и оперативным. Объем консервативной терапии включает ограничение физической активности, физиотерапию, корсетирование, массаж, медикаментозные средства. Целью оперативного лечения является удаление фиброзной ткани из зоны спондилолиза и достижение в этой области костного сращения посредством применения костной аутопластики и (или) остеосинтеза различными металлоконструкциями. аргументированные доводы о необходимости сочетания консервативного и оперативного методов лечения больных со спондилолизом также нашли свое отражение в литературе. Информация, посвященная многоуровневому спондилолизу, представлена малым количеством публикаций. Всего в 15 работах описаны клинические случаи многоуровневого спондилолиза в общей сложности у 21 пациента. Спондилолиз является фактором высокой степени риска формирования спондилолистеза. Среди различных категорий пациентов, страдающих спондилолизом и спондилолизным спондилолистезом поясничной локализации, особый интерес представляют беременные женщины. Гормональная перестройка организма и изменение биомеханики всего позвоночника у женщин в гестационный период в значительной части случаев приводит к появлению или усилению болевого синдрома поясничной локализации, осложняющего течение беременности, а значит и развитие плода.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Своевременная диагностика спондилолиза и последующая разработка индивидуальных мер реабилитации не только повысят качество жизни больных, но и в ряде случаев позволят предотвратить такое тяжелое заболевание, как спондилолистез.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spondylolysis</kwd><kwd>isolated spondylolysis</kwd><kwd>multi-level spondylolysis</kwd><kwd>spondylolisthesis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изолированный спондилолиз</kwd><kwd>многоуровневый спондилолиз</kwd><kwd>спондилолиз и спондилолистез</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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