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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1218</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21823/2311-2905-2019-25-2-83-98</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Clinical studies</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Classification for Haglund’s Syndrome (Deformity)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Классификация синдрома (деформации) Хаглунда</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sereda</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середа</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p/><p>Andrey P. Sereda — Dr. Sci. (Med.), deputy head</p>Moscow</bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Середа Андрей Петрович — д-р мед. наук, заместитель руководителя</p><p>Москва</p></bio><email>drsereda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belyakova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белякова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna M. Belyakova – orthopedic surgeon</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Белякова Анна Михайловна — врач травматолог-ортопед</p><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное медико-биологическое агентство России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-07-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>83</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-15"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1218">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/1218</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>The objective of the study</bold> — to propose a classification for Haglund’s syndrome based on the differentiated treatment outcomes and to conduct a systematic review of articles on this topic.</p><p><bold>Materials and Methods.</bold> The article based on the diagnosis and treatment of 77 patients with Haglund’s syndrome. 68 patients with Haglund’s syndrome underwent surgery (79 operations), 14 of which were endoscopic. In 9 patients conservative treatment techniques were undertaken.</p><p><bold>Results.</bold> As a result of analyzing a variety of cases of Haglund’s syndrome, we proposed clinical and morphological classifications for Haglund’s syndrome that help to choose the optimal treatment tactics. according to its clinical form, Haglund’s deformity may be common, atypical, and “hiding”. A special clinical variation is a cosmetic form. Depending on morphological characteristics, it was proposed to distinguish upper, upper-lateral, “arc type”, total types, and atypical variations. With the upper type of deformity and, rarely, with the upper-lateral one, an endoscopic technique or minimally invasive surgical correction is preferable. For more extensive variants, the only solution should be an open procedure. The outcomes at 11.5±1.2 months after surgery showed significant improvement in patient condition as compared to the preoperative status (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). On the AOFAS, the scores were 92.2±3.1 after open procedures (86.1±3.5 and 93.2±2.2 for the different types) and 94.7±1.8 after endoscopic operations. However, we cannot speak confidently of the advantage of endoscopic surgery, since adequate resection during the endoscopic operation is possible only in limited cases of the Haglund’s deformity types (upper and upper-lateral). For the same reason, it is impossible to compare the results of minimally invasive surgery with fluoroscopic control with the results of open surgical intervention. according to AOFAS (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001), conservative treatment also improved the status of patients, more specifically from 75.1±4.7 to 80.1±5.7. However these improvements were significantly less compared to surgical treatment (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0.001). Our results of patient treatment were included in an updated systematic review of twenty-eight studies related to the results of open (681 patients in total) and endoscopic (321 patients in total) treatment of patients with Haglund’s syndrome.</p><p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Particular attention should be paid to the “hiding” clinical cases which do not manifest signs of tenopathy, but are detrimental to athletic performance. We consider treatment strategy based on clinical and morphological classifications as justified, when the type of operation (open, minimally invasive or endoscopic) was determined by the type of deformity and its localization.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель исследования</bold> — предложить классификацию многообразия вариантов синдрома Хаглунда на основе результатов дифференцированного лечения, выполнить систематический обзор публикаций.</p><p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> В статье отражен опыт диагностики и лечения 77 последовательных пациентов с синдромом Хаглунда. Было прооперировано 68 пациентов с синдромом Хаглунда (79 операций), из них у 14 операция была выполнена эндоскопически. У 9 пациентов была выбрана консервативная тактика.</p><p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В результате анализа многообразия встретившихся вариантов синдрома Хаглунда нами предложены клиническая и морфологическая классификации синдрома Хаглунда, определяющие тактику лечения. По клинической форме деформация Хаглунда может быть физикально очевидной, неочевидной, «прячущейся». Особым клиническим вариантом является косметическая форма. По морфологическому признаку предлагается выделять верхний, верхне-латеральный, «по дуге», тотальный типы и атипичные варианты. При верхнем типе деформации и реже при верхне-латеральном предпочтительна эндоскопическая или мини-инвазивная коррекция, более экстенсивные варианты следует оперировать открыто. Результаты через 11,5±1,2 мес. после операции оказались значимо лучше предоперационного статуса (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001) и составили 92,2±3,1 баллов для открытых операций (86,1±3,5 и 93,2±2,2 при разных типах) и 94,7±1,8 баллов после эндоскопических операций по шкале AOFAS. Консервативная тактика также улучшила результаты с 75,1±4,7 до 80,1±5,7 баллов AOFAS (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001), но эти результаты оказались хуже по сравнению с хирургическим лечением (<italic>p</italic>&lt;0,001). Собственные результаты лечения пациентов включены в обновленный систематический обзор 28 работ, посвященных результатам открытого (суммарно 681 пациент) и эндоскопического (суммарно 321 пациент) лечения пациентов с синдромом Хаглунда.</p><p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Особое внимание следует уделить «прячущимся» клиническим вариантам течения у спортсменов, не проявляющимся признаками тенопатии, но ухудшающим спортивные результаты. Мы считаем оправданной тактику, основанную на клинической и морфологической классификациях, когда тип операции определяется типом деформации и ее локализацией.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>achilles tendon</kwd><kwd>Haglund’s syndrome</kwd><kwd>Haglund’s deformity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ахиллово сухожилие</kwd><kwd>синдром Хаглунда</kwd><kwd>деформация Хаглунда</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>1. 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