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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Травматология и ортопедия России</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2311-2905</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2542-0933</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Vreden National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21823/2311-2905-2014-0-4-68-76</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>METHODS OF EXAMINATIONS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject></subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Osteoporosis and osteomalacia - clinical and diagnostic problems</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Остеопороз и остеомаляция - клинико-диагностические проблемы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avrunin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аврунин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>a_avrunin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vreden Russian Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Российский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Р.Р. Вредена» Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2014-12-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>68</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-09-12"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/100">https://journal.rniito.org/jour/article/view/100</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: to define main clinical and diagnostical problems related to osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Literature data showed that not only osteoporosis but osteomalacia may be the reason for decreasing of mechanical properties of skeleton with risk of low-energy fractures. The solution of associated medical and social problems is difficult because DEXA does not allow to differentiate between osteoporosis and osteomalacia that leads to misdiagnosis and unnecessary prescription of antiosteoporotic drugs. This approach is pathogenetically unproved and even may be harmful for the patient. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia does not exclude each other so bone mass reducing in one cohort of patient may be due to osteoporosis, other - osteomalacia and some of them - combinations of both. Another point is that results of controlled clinical trials that evaluated efficacy of antiosteoporotic drugs without differentiative histology tests for osteoporosis and osteomalacia are of doubtful value. As the bone biopsy that is necessary for osteomalacia diagnosis is invasive procedure there is need in definition of clear criteria when it has to be done in patient with reduced bone mass.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель - выделить основные клинико-диагностические проблемы, связанные с развитием остеопороза и остеомаляции. Проведенный анализ литературы показал, что, хотя причиной снижения механической компетентности скелета и возникновения низкоэнергетических переломов, сопровождающих различные патологические процессы, является не только остеопороз, но и остеомаляция, решение медико-социальных проблем, связанных с ростом числа этих переломов, затруднено в связи с тем, что широко используемый в клинической практике метод двухэнергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии не позволяет проводить дифференциальную диагностику между остеопорозом и остеомаляцией. В результате в практическом здравоохранении пациентам независимо от причин снижения костной массы ставится диагноз «остеопороз» и проводится антиостеопоротическое лечение. Подобный подход является патогенетически и клинически не обоснованным и может нанести вред пациенту. Корректность выводов и рекомендации контролируемых исследований эффективности остеопоротических препаратов, в которых не проводились дифференциальные гистологические тесты на остеопороз и остеомаляцию, сомнительны. Остеопороз и остеомаляция не являются взаимоисключающими процессами, и потеря костной массы у одних пациентов может быть вызвана остеопорозом, у других - остеомаляцией, а у третьих - одновременно остеопорозом и остеомаляцией. В связи с тем, что биопсия, необходимая для диагностики остеомаляции, является инвазивной манипуляцией, требуется разработка четких критериев, определяющих необходимость ее выполнения у пациентов со снижением костной массы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>остеомаляция</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>двухэнергетическая абсорбциометрия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>osteomalacia</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>BMD</kwd><kwd>DEXA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Аврунин А.С., Корнилов Н.В., Суханов А.В., Емельянов В.Г. Формирование остеопоротических сдвигов в структуре костной ткани (костные органы, структура костной ткани и ее ремоделирование, концепция патогенеза остеопороза, его диагностики и лечения). 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